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215 Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Neonatal Body Composition, Energy Homeostasis and Hypothalamic Salivary Gene Expression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2022

Dara Azuma
Affiliation:
Tufts Medical Center
Yvette Penner
Affiliation:
Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center
Tomoko Kaneko-Tarui
Affiliation:
Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center
Taysir G. Mahmoud
Affiliation:
Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center
Patrick Catalano
Affiliation:
Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center
Perrie OTierney-Ginn
Affiliation:
Women & Infants Hospital
Jill L. Maron
Affiliation:
Tufts Medical Center
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Abstract

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) may exhibit decreased oral intake, requiring nasogastric feedings and prolonged hospitalization. We hypothesize that increased insulin exposure and resulting overgrowth in utero disrupts hypothalamic regulation of food intake, correlates to body composition and impacts feeding in IDMs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Infants born at ≥ 35 weeks gestation to mothers with gestational or type II diabetes (IDM cohort), and normoglycemic mothers (control cohort) were recruited. Infants born to mothers with Type I DM or preeclampsia and with a history of intrauterine growth restriction, opioid exposure, or major congenital anomalies were excluded. Salivary expression of known hunger signaling genes 5AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R), leptin (LEP), ghrelin (GHRL), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) were quantified using RT-qPCR. Body composition was assessed via skinfold measurements and compared and correlated between cohorts. Feeding outcomes were recorded. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 23 infants were recruited in each cohort. POMC and AMPK were expressed by 71% and 88% of infants respectively in both cohorts. NPY2R was expressed by 79% and 83% of the diabetic cohort and normoglycemia cohort respectively, while GHRL was expressed by 75% and 79% of the diabetic cohort and normoglycemia cohort, respectively. LEP and ADIPOQ were not reliably expressed in either cohort. Infants with a higher body fat percentage were less likely to express NPY2R (OR= 0.76). There was no significant association between body fat percentage and expression of AMPK, POMC, or GHRL. Only 3 IDMs were noted by providers to exhibit poor oral intake, limiting our ability to correlate gene expression and body composition with feeding outcomes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Non-invasive assessment of hunger signaling gene expression is possible through salivary analysis of AMPK, POMC, NPY2R, and GHRL. Given the paucity of IDMs with poor feeding in our study, future studies should target IDMs requiring feeding support to understand mechanisms driving aberrant feeding behavior.

Type
Education
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. The Association for Clinical and Translational Science