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“Russia's Most Effective Fifth Column”: Cold War Perceptions of Un-Americanism in US Churches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2013

MARKKU RUOTSILA
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Abstract

From the very beginning of the Cold War, fundamentalist Christian organizations in the United States were engaged in a strident polemical campaign against the modern ecumenical movement and its American supporters in the major mainline churches. Consistently, this movement and its Social Gospel supporters were perceived as allies or tools of the Soviet Union, or at the very least as unwitting co-conspirators in world revolutionary projects that posed a direct threat to US national security. In the late 1940s and the early 1950s, the American Council of Christian Churches and other key fundamentalist organizations of the era developed a set of key theological arguments about the perceived un-Americanism of said churches and their clergy. Later in the 1950s, the fundamentalists allied with others on the religious and political right to push for a series of Congressional and FBI investigations into perceived subversion as practised by these churches. While ultimately unsuccessful in terms of their originally stated goals, these prolonged fundamentalist campaigns became a crucial site for disseminating the faith-based conceptions of Americanism and un-Americanism that eventually cohered in the contemporary religious right. This paper will investigate the Cold War fundamentalist discourse on un-Americanism and subversion in an effort to illumine the contours of perceived religious otherness in this exceptionally religious nation.

Type
Un-American Articles
Information
Journal of American Studies , Volume 47 , Issue 4: The “Un-American” , November 2013 , pp. 1019 - 1041
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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References

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76 Benjamin Mandel to Carl McIntire, 28 Jan. and 7 Feb. 1949, McIntire Manuscript Collection, Box 24, Folder “McIntire Letters + Correspondence ca. 1940s–1950s Ma–May.”

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78 Ruotsila, “Carl McIntire,” 388–90; Carl J. Reitsma, “I Attended an Anti-Khruschev Rally,” Bible Presbyterian Reporter, 4 (Dec. 1959), 5; Valiant for the Truth, 1 (1964), 3.

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86 Herzog, The Spiritual–Industrial Complex, 89–90, 104–5, 137.