Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T15:13:56.968Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trichome numbers in naked-oat cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2008

A.-M. KIRKKARI ,
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO  and
L. JAUHIAINEN
A.-M. KIRKKARI*
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Work Efficiency Institute, PO Box 13, FIN-05201Rajamäki, Finland
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO
Affiliation:
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FIN-31600Jokioinen, Finland
L. JAUHIAINEN
Affiliation:
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit, FIN-31600Jokioinen, Finland
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: anna-maija.kirkkari@tts.fi
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The oat kernel, caryopsis or groat, is generally covered with fine silky hairs termed trichomes. The trichomes of naked oat are partly lost during threshing and handling of grains when the lemma and palea are removed and the surface of the grain is exposed. Trichomes can cause itchiness and more serious reactions in those handling the grains. Trichomes also accumulate and form fine dust and can block up machinery. Trichomes are clearly problematic and growers of naked oat are eager to have oat cultivars with reduced numbers of trichomes. Experiments compared the differences in trichome numbers of naked-oat cultivars and threshing settings. The cultivars differed considerably in pubescence. Cultivars Lisbeth and NK 00117 had most trichomes and cv. Bullion the fewest. Completely bare or polished grains were not observed. Pubescence was not associated with grain weight or test weight. However, grains from the lowermost spikelets of the panicle had fewer trichomes than those from the uppermost spikelets. For cv. Bullion, some threshing settings, including increased cylinder speed, slightly increased grain polishing such that grains had some areas completely free of trichomes. Reduction of the concave clearance in the combine harvester had a similar effect. However, threshing settings did not affect the trichomes of cv. Lisbeth. Adjusting threshing machinery settings was generally not an efficient means of solving the problems associated with naked-oat trichomes, but cultivar differences existed and further efforts in breeding to reduce trichome numbers are required.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 147 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 63 - 69
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agresti, A. (1990). Categorical Data Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Bonnett, O. T. (1961). The Oat Plant: its Histology and Development. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 672. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Burrows, V. D., McDiarmid, G. & Marder, T. (2001). Gene controlling reduced trichomes on oat groats. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, 413–414.Google Scholar
Erikson, C. A., Wesenberg, D. M., Burrup, D. E. & Whitmore, J. C. (2003). Registration of ‘Lamont’ oat. Crop Science 43, 2300–2301.Google Scholar
Evers, A. D., Blakeney, A. B. & O'Brien, L. (1999). Cereal structure and composition. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, 629–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forsberg, R. A. & Reeves, D. L. (1992). Breeding oat cultivars for improved grain quality. In Oat Science and Technology (Eds Marshall, H. G. & Sorrells, M. E.), pp. 751–775. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy Inc. and Crop Science Society of America Inc. Publishers.Google Scholar
Forsberg, R. A. & Reeves, D. L. (1995). Agronomy of oats. In The Oat Crop (Ed. Welch, R. W.), pp. 223–251. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Hoseney, R. C. (1998). Rice, oat and barley processing. In Principles of Cereal Science and Technology (Ed. Hoseney, R.), pp. 159–177. St. Paul, MN: American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
IGER (2007). Oat Breeding. Available at: http://www.iger.bbsrc.ac.uk/Business/OatBreeding.htm (verified 18 September 2008).Google Scholar
Johnson, C. S., Kolevski, B. & Smyth, D. R. (2002). Transparent testa glabra2, a trichome and seed coat development gene of Arabidopsis, encodes a WRKY transcription factor. The Plant Cell 14, 1359–1375.Google Scholar
Kirkkari, A.-M., Peltonen-Sainio, P. & Rita, H. (2001). Reducing grain damage in naked oat through gentle harvesting. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 10, 223–229.Google Scholar
Kirkkari, A.-M., Peltonen-Sainio, P. & Lehtinen, P. (2004). Dehulling capacity and storability of naked oat. Agricultural and Food Science 13, 198–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OMAFRA (2002). Publication 811: Agronomy Guide for Field Crops. Available at: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/p811toc.html (verified 18 September 2008).Google Scholar
Peltonen-Sainio, P. (1994). Yield component differences between naked and conventional oat. Agronomy Journal 86, 510–513.Google Scholar
Peltonen-Sainio, P. (1997). Groat yield and plant stand structure of naked and hulled oat under different nitrogen fertilizer and seeding rates. Agronomy Journal 89, 140–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peltonen-Sainio, P., Muurinen, S., Vilppu, M., Rajala, A., Gates, F. & Kirkkari, A.-M. (2001). Germination and grain vigour of naked oat in response to grain moisture at harvest. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 137, 147–156.Google Scholar
Peltonen-Sainio, P., Kirkkari, A.-M. & Jauhiainen, L. (2004). Characterising strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in producing naked oat as a novel crop for northern growing conditions. Agricultural and Food Science 13, 212–228.Google Scholar
Rajala, A. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. (2004). Intra-plant variation for progress of cell division in developing oat grains: a preliminary study. Agricultural and Food Science 13, 163–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, J. (1995). Naked oats. In The Oat Crop (Ed. Welch, R. W.), pp. 504–527. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Yang, Q. (2006). Conservation and utilization of oat genetic resources for food and fodder production in Tibet autonomous region, China. Available at: http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/pasture/spectopics/oatsTibet.html (verified 18 September 2008).Google Scholar