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Performance of extra-early maize cultivars based on GGE biplot and AMMI analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2011

B. BADU-APRAKU ,
M. OYEKUNLE ,
K. OBENG-ANTWI ,
A. S. OSUMAN ,
S. G. ADO ,
N. COULIBAY ,
C. G. YALLOU ,
M. ABDULAI ,
G. A. BOAKYEWAA  and
A. DIDJEIRA
B. BADU-APRAKU*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK
M. OYEKUNLE
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK
K. OBENG-ANTWI
Affiliation:
Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana
A. S. OSUMAN
Affiliation:
Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana
S. G. ADO
Affiliation:
Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Zaria, Nigeria
N. COULIBAY
Affiliation:
Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali
C. G. YALLOU
Affiliation:
Institut Nationale de Recherches Agricoles du Benin, Cotonou, Benin
M. ABDULAI
Affiliation:
Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana
G. A. BOAKYEWAA
Affiliation:
Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana
A. DIDJEIRA
Affiliation:
Institu Togolais de Recherches Agricoles, Lome, Togo
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: b.badu-apraku@cgiar.org
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Summary

Multi-environment trials (METs) in West Africa have demonstrated the existence of genotype×environment interactions (G×E), which complicate the selection of superior cultivars and the best testing sites for identifying superior and stable genotypes. Two powerful statistical tools available for MET analysis are the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype main effect+G×E (known as GGE) biplot. The objective of the present study was to compare their effectiveness in identifying maize mega-environments and stable and superior maize cultivars with good adaptation to West Africa. Twelve extra-early maturing maize cultivars were evaluated at 17 locations in four countries in West Africa from 2006 to 2009. The effects of genotype (G), environments (E) and G×E were significant (P<0 01) for grain yield. Differences between E accounted for 0 75 of the total variation in the sum of squares for grain yield, whereas the G effects accounted for 0 03 and G×E for 0 22. The GGE biplot explained 0 74 of total variations in the sum of squares for grain yield and revealed three mega-environments and seven cultivar groups. The AMMI graph explained 0 13 and revealed four groups each of environments and cultivars. The two procedures provided similar results in terms of stability and performance of the cultivars. Both methods identified the cultivars 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 and TZEE-W Pop STR C4 as superior across environments. Cultivar 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 was the most stable. The GGE biplot was more versatile and flexible, and provided a better understanding of G×E than the AMMI graph. It identified Zaria, Ilorin, Ikenne, Ejura, Kita, Babile, Ina and Angaredebou as the core testing sites of the three mega-environments for testing the Regional Uniform Variety Trials-extra-early.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 150 , Issue 4 , August 2012 , pp. 473 - 483
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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