Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:25:33.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distribution and Ecotypic Variation of the Invasive Annual Barb Goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) on Serpentine Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kelly G. Lyons ,
A. M. Shapiro  and
Mark W. Schwartz
Kelly G. Lyons*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212
A. M. Shapiro
Affiliation:
Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Mark W. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: klyons@trinity.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Successful colonization of newly introduced species is driven by a multitude of factors and is highly dependent on the species. It has long been hypothesized that preadaptation and postestablishment natural selection of introduced species can facilitate their invasion; however, to date, limited research has been dedicated to these theories. In addition, although the correlation between establishment of invasive species and disturbance has been noted and widely studied, the susceptibility of undisturbed habitats to invasion remains unclear. In California, serpentine habitats are severe edaphic environments that have been relatively free of anthropogenic disturbance and nonindigenous species invasions. In this study, we documented the occurrence of the nonindigenous barb goatgrass on serpentine and nonserpentine grasslands in the California Northern Interior Coast Range and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and conducted greenhouse and field experiments to assess the species' degree of adaptation to serpentine soils. Reconnaissance of serpentine intrusions and yearly monitoring suggest that barb goatgrass may grow preferentially on serpentine soil, particularly disturbed serpentine sites. In the greenhouse, for most measures of performance, serpentine populations performed better than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. Particularly noteworthy was that serpentine populations had higher root-mass ratios than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. In contrast to the greenhouse study, field-grown populations from serpentine and nonserpentine sources performed equally well on nonserpentine; alluvial, disturbed serpentine; and shallow, undisturbed serpentine, although the overall species' performance was diminished on severe serpentine soils. Alarmingly, even in the absence of previous exposure to serpentine, barb goatgrass was capable of establishing and spreading into minimally disturbed sites with strong serpentinitic characteristics.

Keywords

Barb goatgrass, Aegilops triuncialis L.Serpentineedaphicinvasive plantnonindigenouspreadaptation
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 376 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abraham, J. K., Corbin, J. D., and D'Antonio, C. M. 2009. California native and exotic perennial grasses differ in their response to soil nitrogen, exotic annual grass density, and order of emergence. Plant Ecol 201:445–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, H. G. 1965. Characters and modes of origin of weeds. Pages 147–168. In Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, G. L. eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York Academic.Google Scholar
Baker, H. G. 1986. Patterns of plant invasion in North America. Pages 44–57. In Mooney, H. A. and Drake, J. A. eds. Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Volume 58. New York Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbour, M., Pavlik, B., Drysdale, F., and Lindstrom, S. 1993. California's Changing Landscape: Diversity and Conservation of California Vegetation. Sacramento, CA California Native Plant Society. 244 p.Google Scholar
Barrett, S. C. H. and Richardson, B. J. 1986. Genetic attributes of invading species. Pages 21–23. In Groves, R. H. and Burdon, J. J. eds. Ecology of Biological Invasions: An Australian Perspective. Canberra, Australia Australian Academy of Science.Google Scholar
Batten, K. M., Scow, K. M., Davies, K. F., and Harrison, S. P. 2006. Two invasive plants alter soil microbial community composition in serpentine grasslands. Biol. Invasions 8:217–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, J. N. B. and Treshow, M. 2002. Air Pollution and Plant Life. Chichester, UK J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Brady, K. U., Kruckeberg, A. R., and Bradshaw, H. D. Jr. 2005. Evolutionary ecology of plant adaptations to serpentine soil. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst 36:243–266.Google Scholar
Brooks, R. R. 1987. Serpentine and its Vegetation: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Portland, OR Dioscorides. 462 p.Google Scholar
Burke, M. J. W. and Grime, J. P. 1996. An experimental study of plant community invasibility. Ecology 77 (3):776–790.Google Scholar
Crawley, M. J. 1987. What makes a community more invasible?. Pages 429–453. In Gray, A. J., Crawley, M. J., and Edwards, P. J. eds. Colonization, Succession and Stability. London Blackwell.Google Scholar
Davis, P. H. ed. 1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 9. Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
DeLorme Publishing 1998. Northern California Atlas and Gazetteer. 4th ed. Yarmouth, ME DeLorme.Google Scholar
Drenovsky, R. E. and Batten, K. M. 2007. Invasion by Aegilops triuncialis (barb goatgrass) slows carbon and nutrient cycling in a serpentine grassland. Biol. Invasions 9:107–116.Google Scholar
Dyer, A. R. 2004. Maternal and sibling factors induce dormancy in dimorphic seed pairs of Aegilops triuncialis . Plant Ecology 172:211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eviner, V. T. and Chapin, F. S. III. 2003. Gopher–plant–fungal interactions affect establishment of an invasive grass. Ecology 84 (1):120–128.Google Scholar
Fiedler, P. L. 1994. Rarity in vascular plants. Pages 2–3. In Skinner, M. W. and Pavlik, B. M. eds. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. 5th ed. Sacramento, CA California Native Plant Society Special Publication I.Google Scholar
Frietas, H. and Mooney, H. 1996. Effects of water stress and soil texture on the performance of two Bromus hordeaceus ecotypes from sandstone and serpentine soils. Acta Oecol 17:307–317.Google Scholar
Garcia, P., Morris, M. I., Saenz-De-miera, L. E., Allard, R. W., Perez de la Vega, M., and Ladizinsky, G. 1991. Genetic diversity and adaptedness in tetraploid Avena barbata and its diploid ancestors Avena hirtula and Avena wiestii . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 (4):1207–1211.Google Scholar
Garcia, P., Vences, F. J., Perez de la Vega, M., and Allard, R. W. 1989. Allelic and genotypic composition of ancestral Spanish and colonial California gene pools of Avena barbata: evolutionary implications. Genetics 12 (3):687–694.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. and McNair, M. 2000. Factors affecting the co-existence of the serpentine endemics Mimulus nudatus Curran, and its presumed progenitor, Mimulus guttatus Fisher ex DC. Biol. J. Linn. Soc 69:443–459.Google Scholar
Gordon, A. and Lipman, C. B. 1926. Why are serpentine and other magnesian soils infertile? Soil Sci 22:291–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, G. F., Stafford-Smith, D. M., Morton, S. R., Allan, G. E., Masters, K. A., and Preece, N. 1989. Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia. J. Environ. Manag 29 (4):297–316.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. 1977. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am. Nat 111:1169–1194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, J. L. 1965. Establishment, aggression and cohabitation in weedy species. Pages 243–268. In Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, G. L. eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York Academic.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. 1999. Local and regional diversity in a patchy landscape: native, alien and endemic herbs on serpentine soils. Ecology 80:70–80.Google Scholar
Harrison, S., Rice, K., and Maron, J. 2001. Habitat patchiness promotes invasion by alien grasses on serpentine soil. Biol. Conserv 100:45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, S., Viers, J. H., and Quinn, J. F. 2000. Climatic and spatial patterns of diversity in the serpentine plants of California. Divers. Distrib 6:153–161.Google Scholar
Heywood, J. S. 1986. Edaphic races of Gaillardia pulchella in central Texas. J. Hered 77:146–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, J. C. ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. Berkeley University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. J., Gulmon, S. L., Hobbs, V. J., and Mooney, H. A. 1988. Effects of fertiliser addition and subsequent gopher disturbance on a serpentine annual grassland community. Oecologia (Berl.) 75:291–295.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. and Mooney, H. A. 1985. Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbances. Oecologia (Berl.) 67:342–351.Google Scholar
Hobbs, R. J. and Mooney, H. A. 1991. Effects of rainfall variability and gopher disturbance on serpentine annual grassland dynamics in N. California. Ecology 72:59–68.Google Scholar
Hooper, D. U. and Vitousek, P. M. 1998. Effects of plant composition and diversity on nutrient cycling. Ecol. Monogr 68:121–149.Google Scholar
Huenneke, L. F., Hamburg, S. P., Koide, R., Mooney, P. M., and Vitousek, P. M. 1990. Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in Californian serpentine grassland. Ecology 71:478.Google Scholar
Jain, S. K. and Bradshaw, A. D. 1966. Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations. Heredity 21:407–441.Google Scholar
Kowarik, I. 1995. On the role of alien species in urban flora and vegetation. Pages 85–103. In Pysek, P., Prach, K., Rejmanek, M., and Wade, M. eds. Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems. Amsterdam SPB Academic.Google Scholar
Kruckeberg, A. R. 1951. Intraspecific variability in the response of certain native plant species to serpentine soil. Am. J. Bot 38:408–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruckeberg, A. R. 1954. The ecology of serpentine soils—a symposium, III: plant species in relation to serpentine soils. Ecology 35:267–274.Google Scholar
Kruckeberg, A. R. 1967. Ecotypic response to ultramafic soils by some plant species of northwestern United States. Brittonia 19:133–151.Google Scholar
Kruckeberg, A. R. 1985. California Serpentines: Flora, Vegetation, Geology, Soils and Management Problems. Berkeley University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lambert, G. and Kashiwagi, J. 1978. Soil survey of Napa County, California. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of California Agricultural Experimental Station.Google Scholar
Lechowicz, M. J. and Bell, G. 1991. The ecology and genetics of fitness in forest plants. II. Microspatial heterogeneity of the edaphic environment. J. Ecol 79:687–696.Google Scholar
Lee, C. E. 2002. Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends Ecol. Evol 17:386–391.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Fahima, T., Korol, A. B., Peng, J., Roder, M. S., Kirzhner, V., Beiles, A., and Nevo, E. 2000. Microsatellite diversity correlated with ecological-edaphic and genetic factors in three microsites of Wild Emmer Wheat in North Israel. Mol. Biol. Evol 17 (6):851–862.Google Scholar
Lin, S. L. and Wu, L. 1994. Effects of copper concentration on mineral nutrient uptake and copper accumulation in protein of copper-tolerant and nontolerant Lotus purshianus L. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf 29:214–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, R. N. 1989. Temperate grasslands vulnerable to plant invasion: characteristics and consequences. Pages 155–179. In Drake, J. A., Mooney, H. A., diCastri, F., Groves, R. H., Kruger, F. J., Rejmánek, M., and Williamson, M. eds. Ecology of Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective. Chichester, UK J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Mack, R. N. 1996. Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: emergent and emerging approaches. Biol. Conserv 78:107–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNair, M. R., MacNair, V. E., and Martin, B. E. 1989. Adaptive speciation in Mimulus: an ecological comparison of M. cupriphilus with it presumed progenitor, M. guttatus . New Phytol 112:269–279.Google Scholar
Matkin, A. O. and Chandler, P. A. 1957. The U.C.-type soil mixes. Pages 68–85. In Baker, K. F. ed. The U.C. System for Producing Healthy Container-Grown Plants. Berkeley University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station.Google Scholar
McNeilly, T. 1968. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations, III: Agrostis tenuis on a small copper mine. Heredity 23:99–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil extractant: a modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal 15:1409–1416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, S. E., Fowler, D., Derwent, R. G., Sutton, M. A., Smith, R. I., and Whyatt, J. D. 1999. Spatial and temporal aspects of nitrogen deposition. Pages 15–50. In Langran, S. J. ed. The Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Natural and Semi-natural Ecosystems. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Moyle, P. B. and Light, T. 1996. Fish invasion in California: do abiotic factors determine success? Ecology 77:1666–1670.Google Scholar
Murphy, D. D. and Ehrlich, P. R. 1989. Conservation of California's remnant grasslands. Pages 201–211. In Huenneke, L. F. and Mooney, H. A. eds. Grassland Structure and Function: California Annual Grasslands. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Orians, G. H. 1986. Site characteristics favoring invasions. Pages 133–148. In Mooney, H. A. and Drake, J. A. eds. Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. New York Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Proctor, J. 1999. Toxins, nutrient shortages and droughts: the serpentine challenge. Trends Ecol. Evol 14:334–335.Google Scholar
Proctor, J. and Woodell, S. R. J. 1975. The ecology of serpentine soils. Adv. Ecol. Res 9:255–366.Google Scholar
Pysek, P., Prach, K., and Smilauer, P. 1995. Relating invasion success to plant traits: an analysis of the Czech alien flora. Pages 39–48. In Pysek, P., Prach, K., Rejmanek, M., and Wade, M. eds. Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Problems. Amsterdam SPB Academic.Google Scholar
Rechinger, K. H. 1970. Flora des Iranischen Hochlandes und der umrahmenden Gebirge: Persien, Afghanistan, Teile von West-Pakistan, Nord-Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan. Graz, Austria Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt.Google Scholar
Rejmánek, M. 1989. Invasibility of plant communities. Pages 369–388. In Drake, J. A., Mooney, H. A., diCastri, F., Groves, R. H., Kruger, F. J., Rejmánek, M., and Williamson, M. eds. Ecology of Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective. Chichester, UK J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Rejmánek, M. and Richardson, D. M. 1996. What attributes make some plant species more invasive. Ecology 77:1655–1661.Google Scholar
Rice, K. J. and Mack, R. N. 1991. Ecological genetics of Bromus tectorum, III: the demography of reciprocally sown populations. Oecologia (Berl.) 88:91–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sambatti, J. B. M. and Rice, K. J. 2006. Local adaptation, patterns of selection, and gene flow in the California serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis). Evolution 60 (4):696–710.Google Scholar
Sambatti, J. B. M. and Rice, K. J. 2007. Functional ecology of ecotypic differentiation in the California serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis). New Phytologist 175:107–119.Google Scholar
Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Elend, A., Nollert, S., and Schulze, E. D. 2000. Plant invasions in Germany: general aspects and impact of nitrogen deposition. Pages 351–368. In Mooney, H. A. and Hobbs, R. J. eds. Invasive Species in a Changing World. Washington, DC Island Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. M. 2002. Revisiting the pre-European butterfly fauna of the Sacramento Valley, California. J. Res. Lepid 41:31–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simberloff, D. 1995. Introduced species. Pages 323–336. In Nierenberg, W. A. ed. Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology. Volume 2. San Diego, CA Academic.Google Scholar
Sommer, S. G. and Jensen, E. S. 1991. Foliar absorption of atmospheric ammonia by ryegrass in the field. J. Environ. Q 20:153–156.Google Scholar
Thomson, D. M. 2007. Do source–sink dynamics promote the spread of an invasive grass into a novel habitat? Ecology 88:3126–3134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vlamis, J. and Jenny, H. 1948. Calcium deficiency in serpentine soils as revealed by absorbent technique. Science 107:549–541.Google Scholar
Walker, R. B. 1954. The ecology of serpentine soils—a symposium, II: factors affecting plant growth on serpentine soils. Ecology 35:259–266.Google Scholar
Wedin, D. A. and Tilman, D. 1996. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274:1720–1723.Google Scholar
Weiss, S. B. 1999. Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conserv. Biol 13 (6):1476–1486.Google Scholar
Weiss, S. B. 2006. Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on California Ecosystems and Biodiversity. Sacramento California Energy Commission, PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research Publication CEC-500-2005-165.Google Scholar
Westerbergh, A. and Saura, A. 1992. The effect of serpentine on the population structure of Silene dioica (Caryophyllaceae). Evolution 46 (5):1537–1548.Google Scholar
Wild, H. and Bradshaw, A. D. 1977. The evolutionary effects of metalliferous and other anomalous soils in south-central Africa. Evolution 31:282–293.Google Scholar
Wu, L. and Kruckeberg, A. L. 1985. Copper tolerance in two legume species from a copper mine habitat. New Phytol 99:565–570.Google Scholar
Zohary, D. 1965. Colonizing species in the wheat group. Pages 404–423. In Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, G. L. eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York Academic.Google Scholar