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Prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in a community sample of elderly individuals in South Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2013

Won-Hyoung Kim ,
Byung-Soo Kim ,
Shyn-Kyum Kim ,
Sung-Man Chang ,
Dong-Woo Lee ,
Maeng-Je Cho  and
Jae-Nam Bae
Won-Hyoung Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
Byung-Soo Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
Shyn-Kyum Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Yangsan Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
Sung-Man Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
Dong-Woo Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Maeng-Je Cho
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Jae-Nam Bae*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jae-Nam Bae, MD, PhD, Department and Research Institute of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Inha University, 7-206, 3-Ga, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, In-Cheon 400-711, South Korea. Phone: +82-32-890-3592; Fax: +82-32-890-3558. Email: jnbae@inha.ac.kr.
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Abstract

Background: Insomnia is a common psychiatric complaint among elderly individuals. This study investigates the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of insomnia by considering a community sample of elderly individuals in South Korea.

Methods: A face-to-face household survey was conducted in five regions of South Korea from June 2008 to August 2008. Among a total of 3,074 individuals aged 65 years and over, 2,002 participants were interviewed. The presence of insomnia was defined as having at least one of four sleep complaints that included difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), and non-restorative sleep (NRS) more than three times per week in the last month. The Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Questionnaire, a short form of the Geriatric Depression scale (GDS), and a medical review of systems were implemented.

Results: Insomnia was found in 29.2% of the participants. DIS, DMS, EMA, and NRS accounted for 19.4%, 21.7%, 19.6%, and 8.0% of the participants respectively. Insomnia accompanied by daytime consequences accounted for 17.1% of the participants. The participants who were females, had no education, lived alone, showed symptoms of RLS or depression, and had a lifetime history of physical illness were significantly more likely to report insomnia. The prevalence of DIS, DMS, EMA, or insomnia increased slightly with age, whereas that of NRS decreased slightly. The lifetime history of head trauma, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, anemia, or depression was significantly related to insomnia.

Conclusion: Sleep problems are common among elderly individuals and are closely related to their lifetime history of physical illness.

Keywords

medical comorbiditysleep disorderepidemiology
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 25 , Issue 10 , October 2013 , pp. 1729 - 1737
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2013 

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