Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T11:52:42.949Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A new music therapy engagement scale for persons with dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Jane Tan
Affiliation:
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
Shiou-Liang Wee
Affiliation:
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
Pei Shi Yeo
Affiliation:
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
Juliet Choo
Affiliation:
School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
Michele Ritholz
Affiliation:
Make Therapy Musical-Creative Arts Therapy PLLC, New York, US
Philip Yap*
Affiliation:
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Philip Yap, Associate Professor, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828. Phone: +65-6602-2154. Email: yap.philip.lk@ktph.com.sg.

Abstract

Objectives:

To develop and validate a new scale to assess music therapy engagement in persons with dementia (PWDs).

Design:

A draft scale was derived from literature review and >2 years of qualitative recording of PWDs during music therapy. Content validity was attained through iterative consultations, trial sessions, and revisions. The final five-item Music Therapy Engagement scale for Dementia (MTED) assessed music and non-music related elements. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were assessed over 120 music therapy sessions. MTED was validated with the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool, Holden Communication Scale, and Participant Engagement Observation Checklist – Music Sessions.

Setting and participants:

A total of 62 PWDs (83.2 ± 7.7 years, modified version of the mini-mental state examination = 13.2/30 ± 4.1) in an acute hospital dementia unit were involved.

Results:

The mean MTED score was 13.02/30 ± 4.27; internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.96) were good. Principal component analysis revealed a one-factor structure with Eigen value > 1 (3.27), which explained 65.4% of the variance. MTED demonstrated good construct validity. The MTED total score correlated strongly with the combined items comprising Pleasure, Interest, Sadness, and Sustained attention of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool (rs = 0.88, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

MTED is a clinically appropriate and psychometrically valid scale to evaluate music therapy engagement in PWDs.

Type
Original Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahn, S. and Ashida, S. (2012). Music therapy for dementia. Maturitas, 71, 67. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.10.013.Google Scholar
de Oliveira, A. M. et al. (2015). Nonpharmacological interventions to reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review. BioMed Research International, 2015, 19. doi:10.1155/2015/218980.Google Scholar
Habron, J. (2013). Editorial. Dementia, 12, 36. doi:10.1177/1471301212469220.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. et al. (2010). Development of a music intervention protocol and its effect on participant engagement: experiences from a randomised controlled trial with older people with dementia. Arts & Health, 2, 125139. doi:10.1080/17533015.2010.490839.Google Scholar
McDermott, O. et al. (2013). Music therapy in dementia: a narrative synthesis systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, 781794. doi:10.1002/gps.3895.Google Scholar
McDermott, O., Orrell, M. and Ridder, H. M. (2014a). The importance of music for people with dementia: the perspectives of people with dementia, family carers, staff and music therapists. Aging & Mental Health, 18, 706716. doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.875124.Google Scholar
McDermott, O. et al. (2014b). A preliminary psychometric evaluation of Music in Dementia Assessment Scales (MiDAS). International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 10111019. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000180.Google Scholar
McDermott, O., Orrell, M. and Ridder, H. M. (2015). The development of Music in Dementia Assessment Scales (MiDAS). Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 24, 232251. doi:10.1080/08098131.2014.907333.Google Scholar
Morley, J. E. (2008). Managing persons with dementia in the nursing home: high touch trumps high tech. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 9, 139146. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2007.12.008.Google Scholar
Nordoff, P. and Robbins, C. (1971). Music Therapy in Special Education. New York, NY: John Day Company.Google Scholar
Phillips, V. L. and Diwan, S. (2003). The incremental effect of dementia-related problem behaviors on the time to nursing home placement in poor, frail, demented older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 188193. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51057.x.Google Scholar
Rentz, C. A. (2002). Memories in the making©: outcome-based evaluation of an art program for individuals with dementing illnesses. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 17, 175181. doi:10.1177/153331750201700310.Google Scholar
Robbins, C. (2005). A Journey into Creative Music Therapy. St. Louis, MO: MMB Music, Inc.Google Scholar
Schnelle, J. F. and Simmons, S. F. (2016). Managing agitation and aggression in congregate living settings: efficacy and implementation challenges. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64, 489491. doi:10.1111/jgs.13947.Google Scholar
Strøm, B. S. et al. (2016). Psychometric evaluation of the Holden Communication Scale (HCS) for persons with dementia. BMJ Open, 6, e013447. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013447.Google Scholar
Ueda, T. et al. (2013). Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 12, 628641. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.02.003.Google Scholar