Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T16:36:16.032Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lex Americana? A Response to Levi-Faur

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2005

R. Daniel Kelemen
Affiliation:
University of Oxford, daniel.Kelemen@politics.ox.ac.uk
Eric C. Sibbitt
Affiliation:
Sullivan & Cromwell, Tokyo, sibbitte@sullcrom.com
Get access

Extract

We welcome David Levi-Faur's critique of our article, both because it serves to stimulate debate on this important topic and because it provides us with the opportunity to elaborate on our arguments and touch on their wider potential applicability. Levi-Faur does not take issue with our central empirical finding—that American legal style is spreading to other jurisdictions—nor with our normative assessment of the mixed blessings of this trend. We agree with Levi-Faur that many questions concerning legal change have been largely overlooked by political scientists, and we agree that he raises a number of points that highlight the need for refinements of our argument. Yet, for all that we agree on, we disagree strongly with Levi-Faur's analysis and his main lines of criticism. His core criticisms concern our conceptualization of the dependent variable in our study, our purported disregard of alternative explanations, and our inadequate attention to the importers of American law and processes of “localization.” In this article, we respond to each of these criticisms in turn. We then discuss the generalizability of our argument beyond Europe and Japan. We conclude with suggestions for further research.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2005 The IO Foundation and Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ajani, Gianmaria. 1995. By Chance and Prestige: Legal Transplants in Russia and Eastern Europe. American Journal of Comparative Law 43 (1):93117.Google Scholar
Coppedge, Michael. 1999. Thickening Thin Concepts and Theories: Combining Large N and Small in Comparative Politics. Comparative Politics 31 (4):46576.Google Scholar
DeLisle, Jacques. 1999. Lex Americana?. United States Legal Assistance, American Legal Models and Legal Change in the Post-Communist World and Beyond. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law. 20 (2):179308.Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Bryant Garth. 1996. Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transnational Legal Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Epp, Charles. 2003. The Judge over Your Shoulder: Is Adversarial Legalism Exceptionally American? Law and Social Inquiry 28 (3):74370.Google Scholar
Eyestone, Robert. 1977. Confusion, Diffusion and Innovation. American Political Science Review 71 (2):44153.Google Scholar
Ewald, William. 1995. Comparative Jurisprudence (II): The Logic of Legal Transplants. The American Journal of Comparative Law 43 (4):489510.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John. 2002a. Judicializing Politics, Politicizing Law. Law and Contemporary Problems 65 (3):4168.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John. 2002b. Constitutional Review in the Global Context. New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 6:4959.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John, and Pasquale Pasquino. 2004. Constitutional Adjudication: Lessons from Europe. Texas Law Review 82 (7):1671704.Google Scholar
Friedman Goldstein, Leslie. 2004. From Democracy to Juristocracy. Law and Society Review. 38 (3):61129.Google Scholar
Ginsburg, Tom. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, and Michael D. Ward. 2003. Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization. Paper presented at the Weatherhead Center of International Affairs Conference on International Diffusion of Political and Economic Liberalization, October 3–4, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Available at: 〈http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/conferences/internationaldiffusion/Papers%20Revised/DiffusionGleditsch%20.pdf〉. Accessed 28 January 2004.
Guarnieri, Carlo, and Patrizia Pederzoli. 2002. The Power of Judges: A Comparative Study of Courts and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hirschl, Ran. 2004. Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Kagan, Robert. 1997. Should Europe Worry about Adversarial Legalism? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 17 (2):16584.Google Scholar
Kagan, Robert. 2001. Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Kelemen, R. Daniel, and Eric C. Sibbitt. 2004. The Globalization of American Law. International Organization 58 (1):10336.Google Scholar
Langer, Maximo. 2004. From Legal Transplants to Legal Translations: The Globalization of Plea Bargaining and the Americanization Thesis in Criminal Procedure. Harvard International Law Journal 45 (1):164.Google Scholar
Lester, Anthony. 1988. The Overseas Trade in the American Bill of Rights. Columbia Law Review 88 (3):53761.Google Scholar
Lubman, Stanley. 1999. Bird in a Cage: Legal Reform in China After Mao. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Mattei, Ugo. 1994. Why the Wind Changed: Intellectual Leadership in Western Law. American Journal of Comparative Law 42 (1):195218.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, Randall. 2001. Globalization, Path Dependency and the Limits of Law: Administrative Law Reform and the Rule of Law in the People's Republic of China. Berkeley Journal of International Law 19 (2):61264.Google Scholar
Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 1995. Controlling Environmental Policy: The Limits of Public Law in Germany and the United States. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Sarat, Austin, and Stuart Scheingold, eds. 2001. Cause Lawyering and the State in the Global Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sartori, Giovanni. 1970. Concept Misinformation in Comparative Politics. American Political Science Review 64 (4):103353.Google Scholar
Shaffer, Gregory C. 2003. Defending Interests: Public-Private Partnerships in WTO Litigation. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Shapiro, Martin. 1981. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shapiro, Martin. 1993. The Globalization of Law. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 1 (1):3764.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Martin. 1998. Globalization of the Freedom of Contract. In The State and the Freedom of Contract, edited by Harry Scheiber, 269300. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Shapiro, Martin, and Alec Stone. 1994. Introduction: The New Constitutional Politics. Comparative Political Studies 26 (4):397420.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth, and Zachary Elkins. 2004. The Globalization of Liberalization: Policy Diffusion in the International Political Economy. American Political Science Review 98 (1):17189.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth, Frank Dobbin, and Geoffrey Garrett. 2004. The International Diffusion of Liberalism. Unpublished manuscript, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. Available at: 〈http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/conferences/internationaldiffusion/Papers%20Revised/Introduction.pdf〉. Accessed 9 November 2004.
Slaughter, Anne Marie. 2004. A New World Order. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2000. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tate, C. Neal, and Torbjörn Vallinder, eds. 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press.
Teubner, Gunther. 2001. Legal Irritants: How Unifying Law Ends Up in New Divergencies. In Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, edited by Peter Hall and David Soskice, 41741. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Watson, Alan. 1978. Comparative Law and Legal Change. Cambridge Law Journal 37 (2):31336.Google Scholar
Watson, Alan. 1993. Legal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law. 2d ed. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Wiegand, Wolfgang. 1991. The Reception of American Law in Europe. The American Journal of Comparative Law 39 (2):22948.Google Scholar