Aliens — Consular relations — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Obligation to inform arrested foreign nationals of right to request consular assistance — Avena case — Medellín v. Texas — Remedy for breach of Vienna Convention — Right to hearing to determine if breach was “harmless”

Relationship of international law and municipal law — United States domestic law — Whether decisions of International Court of Justice directly enforceable federal law — Whether President’s Memorandum directly enforceable law — Whether stay of execution appropriate in light of potential effect of unenacted legislation — Whether Due Process Clause prohibiting execution of a lawful judgment in light of unenacted legislation — Whether assertions of adverse effects to foreign policy interests in absence of legal claim sufficient to warrant stay of lawful judgment — The law of the United States