Frequent standard International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring by health professionals is one of the major inconveniences reported by warfarin users. However, portable coagulometers are now available to reduce this burden by allowing patients to self-monitor their INR in the comfort of their home, thereby reducing their visiting frequency to a medical clinic. The aim of this work was thus to elaborate recommendations on the use of self-monitoring in the management of warfarin-treated patients in the province of Quebec.

Systematic literature reviews were conducted to retrieve the most up-to-date scientific data from primary studies and pharmacoeconomic evaluations as well as recommendations from published clinical practice guidelines. This information was then triangulated with the experiential knowledge of Quebec experts and clinicians collaborating on the project.

The scientific, contextual and experiential evidence gathered during this work provided convincing support for the use of self-monitoring for long-term warfarin-treated patients, leading to a more effective treatment than standard monitoring while being safe, cost-effective and potentially improving patients’ quality of life. However, physical and mental limitations can hinder the use of portable coagulometers, outlining the need for caution in the selection and support of self-monitoring patients.

This work led to the development of specific recommendations on the use of self-monitoring along with a clinical tool to help discussion between patients and health professionals leading to a shared decision-making. This work will be part of two optimal usage guides on oral anticoagulant therapy to be published by the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux.