Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:31:12.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Operational Evaluation of the Efficacy of Vaccines by the Case Control Method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

Vinod K. Diwan
Vinod K. Diwan
Affiliation:
Karolinska Institute, Stockholm
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

To maintain high efficacy and cost-effectiveness of health interventions, such as immunization programs and health information, systematic and careful evaluation is necessary. This is particularly relevant when health resources are scarce, as in most developing countries. Whereas vaccines used in immunization programs are generally evaluated for efficacy and safety prior to their application in routine health service, very little attention is paid to continuous or operational evaluation.

Type
Research Notes
Information
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , Winter 1991 , pp. 59 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.British Thoracic Association. Effectiveness of BCG vaccination in Great Britain in 1978. British Journal of Diseases of the Chest, 1980, 74, 215–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Comstock, G. W., & Palmer, C. E.Long term results of BCG vaccination in the Southern United States. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1966, 93, 171.Google ScholarPubMed
3.Comstock, G. W., & Webster, R. G.A twenty-year evaluation of BCG vaccine in a school population. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1969, 100, 839.Google Scholar
4.Cornfield, J. Amethod of estimating comparative rates from clinical data. Application to cancer of the lung, breast and cervix. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1951, 11, 1269–75.Google ScholarPubMed
5.Cornfield, J., & Haenszel, W. H.Some aspects of retrospective studies, Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1960, 11, 523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Frimodt-Moller, J., Acharyulu, G. S., & Parthasarthy, R.Observations on the protective effect of BCG vaccination in a South Indian rural population. Third report. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 1968, 15, 140.Google Scholar
7.Greenland, S., & Thomas, D. C.On the need for the rare disease assumption in case-control studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1982, 116, 547–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Greenland, S. M., Watson, E., & Neutra, R. R.Case-control method in medical care evaluation. Medical Care, 1981, 8, 872–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Hart, P. D. A., & Sutherland, I.BCG and the vole vaccines in the prevention of tuberculosis in adolescence and early adult life. British Medical Journal, 1977, 2, 293–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Levin, A. A.Schoenbaum, S. C., Monson, R. R., et al. Association of induced abortion with subsequent pregnancy loss. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1980, 243, 2495–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Mantel, N., & Haenszel, W. H.Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. National Cancer Institute Monographs, 1959, 22, 719.Google ScholarPubMed
12.McMahon, B., & Pugh, T. F.Epidemiology-principles and methods. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.Google Scholar
13.Miceli, I.Kantor, I. N. D., Colaicovo, D., et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of BCG vaccination using case-control method in Buenos Aires, Argentina. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1988, 17, 629–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Orenstein, W. A.Bernier, R. H., Donders, T. J., et al. Field evaluation of vaccine efficacy Geneva: World Health Organization, EPI/GEN/84/10 Rev. 2. 1984.Google Scholar
15.Orenstein, W. A.Mark, J. S., Hogue, C. R. et al. Vaccine efficacy: A new application of case control and case exposure methodology. Presented at the Society for Epidemiologic Research, Cincinnati, OH, 06 16–18, 1982.Google Scholar
16.Rodrigues, L. C.A case control study of measles vaccine efficacy. Ph.D. thesis. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1986.Google Scholar
17.Rosenthal, S. R., Loewinsohn, E., Graham, M. L., et al. BCG vaccination against tubercu losis in Chicago. A twenty-year study statistically analyzed. Pediatrics, 1961, 28, 622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Sackett, D. L., Haynes, R. B., & Tugwell, P.Clinical epidemiology: A basic science for clinical medicine. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.Google Scholar
19.Schlesselman, J. J.Case control studies, design, conduct, analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
20.Smith, P. G.Evaluating interventions against tropical diseases. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1987, 16, 159–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Smith, P. G., Retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against tuber culosis using case-control method. Tubercule, 1982, 63, 23–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Smith, P. G., Rodrigues, L. C., & Fine, P. E. M.Assessment of the protective efficacy of vaccines against common diseases using case control and cohort studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1984, 13, 87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Sri Lanka BCG Evaluation Team, unpublished data, 1988.Google Scholar
24.Stein, S. C., & Aronson, J. D.The occurrence of pulmonary lesions in BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. American Review of Tuberculosis, 1953, 68, 695.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Tuberculosis Prevention Trial. Trial of BCG vaccines in South India for tuberculosis prevention. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1979, 57, 819.Google Scholar
26.Tuberculosis Prevention Trial, Madras. Trial of BCG vaccines in South India for tuberculosis prevention. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1980, 72(suppl), 1.Google Scholar
27.World Health Organization. International conference on primary health care. Alma-Ata U.S.S.R., 09 6–12, 1978. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1978.Google Scholar