Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:34:11.117Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

CPAP and Mechanical Ventilation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2009

Gunnar Sedin
Gunnar Sedin
Affiliation:
University Hospital, Uppsala
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Respiratory insufficiency has previously been a frequent cause of neonatal death, especially in preterm infants. As late as in 1967, Silverman and associates (66) found that in infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD), mechanical ventilation with a body-enclosing negative pressure respirator did not improve survival. Before 1970, the mortality among infants who required respiratory therapy was high (20;46;70). At the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, several new methods were introduced to improve ventilation of newborn infants. Kirby and coworkers (41) introduced intermittent mandatory ventilation as a way of weaning from mechanical ventilation. In a series of studies, Reynolds and coworkers evaluated the effects of different peak airway pressures, respiratory frequencies, and inspiratory:expiratory ratios on arterial blood gases and right to left shunts (32;58;59;60).

Type
Neonatal Disorders of Respiration
Information
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care , Volume 7 , Supplement S1 , January 1991 , pp. 31 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Ackerman, N. B., El-Baz, N. M., & deLemos, R. A. Clinical applications of high-frequency oscillation in children and adults. In Carlon, G. C. & Howland, W. S. (eds.), High-frequency ventilation in intensive care and during surgery. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985.Google Scholar
2.Ahlström, H., Janson, B., & Svenningsen, N. W.Continuous positive airway pressure by a face chamber in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1976, 51, 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Ashbaugh, D. G., Petty, T. L., Bigelow, D. B., & Harris, T. M.Continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1969, 57, 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Ashbaugh, D. G., Bigelow, D. B., Petty, T. L., & Levine, B. E.Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet, 1967, ii, 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Ahumada, C. A. Continuous distending pressure. In Goldsmith, J. P. & Karotkin, E. H. (eds.), Assisted ventilation of the neonate. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1981.Google Scholar
6.Bancalari, E., & Eisler, E. Neonatal respiratory support. In Kirby, R. R., Smith, R. A., & Desautels, D. A. (eds.), Mechanical ventilation. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1985.Google Scholar
7.Bancalari, E., Garcia, O. L., & Jesse, M. J.Effects of continuous negative pressure on lung mechanics in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics, 1973, 51, 486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Bland, R. D., & Sedin, E. G.High frequency mechanical ventilation in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress. International Anaesthesiology Clinics, 1983, 21, 125–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Bland, R. D., Kim, M. H., Light, M. J., & Woodson, J. L.High frequency mechanical ventilation in severe hyaline membrane disease. An alternative treatment? Critical Care Medicine, 1980, 8, 275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Bohn, K., Miyaska, B. E., Marchak, W. K., Thompson, A. B., Froese, A. B., & Bryan, A. C.Ventilation by high frequency oscillation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1980, 48, 710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Bonta, B. W., Uauy, R., Warsaw, J. B., et al. Determination of optimal CPAP for the treatment of IRDS by measurement of esophageal pressure. Journal of Pediatrics, 1977, 91, 449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Boros, S. J., & Campbell, K.A comparison of the effects of high frequency-low tidal volume and low frequency-high tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Journal of Pediatrics, 1980, 97, 108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Burgess, W. R., & Chernick, V.Respiratory therapy in newborn infants and children. New York: Thieme-Stratton, Inc., 1982.Google Scholar
14.Carlo, W. A., Chatburn, R. L., Martin, R. J., et al. Decrease in airway pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Pediatrics, 1984, 104, 101–07.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Carlo, W. A., Chatburn, R. L., & Martin, R. J.Randomized trial of high-frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Pediatrics, 1987, 110, 275–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Carlon, G. C., Kahn, R. C., Howland, W. S., Ray, C., & Turnbull, A. D.Clinical experience with high frequency jet ventilation. Critical Care Medicine, 1981, 9, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Chernick, V.Hyaline membrane disease therapy with constant lung distending pressure. New England Journal of Medicine, 1973, 289, 302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Chernick, V., & Vidyasagar, D.Continuous negative chest wall pressure in hyaline membrane disease. One year experience. Pediatrics, 1972, 49, 753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Cogswell, J. J., Hatch, D. J., Kerr, A., & Taylor, B.Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on lung mechanics of babies after operation for congenital heart disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1975, 50, 799–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Daily, W. J. R., Sunshine, P., & Smith, P. C.Mechanical ventilation of new born infants: V. Five years' experience. Anesthesiology, 1971, 34, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Fox, W. W., Gewitz, M. H., Berman, L. S., Peckham, G. J., & Downes, J. J.The PaO2 response to changes in end expiratory pressure in the newborn respiratory distress syndrome. Critical Care Medicine, 1977, 5, 226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Frantz, I. D., Stark, A. R., & Werthammer, J.Improvement in pulmonary interstitial emphysema with high frequency ventilation. Pediatric Research, 1981, 15, 719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Frantz, I. D., Stark, A. R., & Dorkin, H. L.Ventilation of infants at frequencies up to 1800/min. Pediatric Research, 1980, 14, 642.Google Scholar
24.Goldman, S., Brady, J., & Dumpit, F.Increased work of breathing associated with nasal prongs. Pediatrics, 1979, 64, 160–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Greenough, A., Morley, C. J., & Pool, J.Are fast rates an effective alternative to paralysis? Pediatric Research, 1985, 19, 1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Gregory, G. A., Kitterman, J. A., Phibbs, R. H., Tooley, W. H., & Hamilton, W. K.Treatment of IRDS with continuous positive airway pressure. New England Journal of Medicine, 1971, 284, 1333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Harrison, V. C., Heese, H.de, V., & Klein, M.The significance of grunting in hyaline membrane disease. Pediatrics, 1968, 41, 549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Hazinski, T. A., Raj, J. U., Hansen, T. N., & Bland, R. D.Pulmonary circulation and lung fluid balance in lambs during mechanical ventilation at different frequencies and inflation volumes. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1982, 125, 192.Google Scholar
29.Heicher, D. A., Kasting, D. S., & Harrod, J. R.Prospective clinical comparison of two methods for mechanical ventilation of neonates: Rapid rate and short inspiratory time. Journal of Pediatrics, 1981, 98, 957–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Heijman, K., Heijman, L., Jonzon, A., Sedin, G., Sjöstrand, U., & Widman, B.High frequency positive pressure ventilation during anaesthesia and routine surgery in man. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1972, 16, 176–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Heijman, K., & Sjöstrand, U.Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome — a preliminary report. Opuscula Medica, 1974, 19, 235.Google Scholar
32.Herman, S., & Reynolds, E. O. R.Methods for improving oxygenation in infants mechanically ventilated for severe hyaline membrane disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1973, 48, 612–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Hodson, A.High-frequency oscillatory ventilation. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 1991, 7(Suppl. 1), 41–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Jonzon, A.Indications for continuous positive airway pressure and respirator therapy. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 1991, 7(Suppl. 1), 26–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Jonzon, A., Rondio, Z., & Sedin, G.Functional residual capacity and ventilatory pressures during positive-pressure ventilation at high frequencies. British Journal of Anaesthesiologica, 1980, 52, 395–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Jonzon, A., Sedin, G., & Sjöstrand, U.High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) applied for small lung ventilation and compared with spontaneous respiration and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1973, 53, (suppl) 23–36.Google ScholarPubMed
37.Jonzon, A., Öberg, P. Å., Sedin, G., & Sjöstrand, U.High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation by endotracheal insufflation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1971, 43 (suppl).Google ScholarPubMed
38.Jonzon, A., Öberg, P. Å., Sedin, G., & Sjöstrand, U.High-frequency low tidal volume overpressure ventilation. A preliminary report. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1970, 21A, 80.Google Scholar
39.Kattwinkel, J., Fleming, D., Cha, C. C., et al. A device for administration of continuous positive airway pressure by nasal route. Pediatrics, 1973, 52, 131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Kattwinkel, J., Nearman, H. S., Fanaroff, A. A., Katona, P. G., & Klaus, M. H.Apnea of prematurity. Comparative therapeutic effects of tactile stimulation and continuous positive airway pressure. Journal of Pediatrics, 1975, 86, 588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Kirby, R., Robison, E. J., Schulz, J., & DeLemos, R. A.Continuous flow ventilation in infants. Anesthesia and Analgetic (Cleve.) 1972, 51, 871–75.Google ScholarPubMed
42.Klain, M., & Smith, R. B.High frequency percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation. Critical Care Medicine, 1977, 5, 280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Krauss, D. R., & Marshall, R. E.Severe neck ulceration from CPAP headbox. Journal of Pediatrics, 1975, 86, 286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Lunkenheimer, P. P., Rafflenbeul, W., Keller, H., Frank, I., Dickhut, H. H., & Fuhrmann, C.Application of transtracheal pressure oscillations as modification of “Diffusion respiration.” British Journal of Anaesthesiologica, 1972, 44, 627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Morley, C. J. The respiratory distress syndrome. In Roberton, N. R. C. (ed.), Textbook of neonatology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.Google Scholar
46.Murdock, A. L., Linsao, L., Reid, M. M., Sutton, M. D.Tilak, K. S., Ulan, O. A. & Swyer, P. R.Mechanical ventilation in the respiratory distress syndrome: A controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1970, 45, 624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Nelson, R. M., Egan, E. A., & Eitzman, D. V.Increased hypoxemia in neonates secondary to the use of continuous positive airway pressure. Journal of Pediatrics, 1977, 91, 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Norsted, T., Jonzon, A., & Sedin, G.Pancuronium bromide does not lower airway pressures during intermittent positive pressure ventilation in young cats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1989, 33, 21–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Norsted, T., Jonzon, A., Rondio, Z., & Sedin, G.Inhibition of phrenic nerve activity during positive pressure ventilation at high and low frequencies. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1986, 30, 521–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Norsted, T., Jonzon, A., & Sedin, G.Continuous positive airway pressure increases vagal and phrenic nerve activity in cats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1985, 29, 418–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Northway, W. H. Jr., Rosan, R. C., & Porter, D. Y.Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. New England Journal of Medicine, 1967, 276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Pape, K., Armstrong, D., & Fitzharding, E. P.Central nervous system pathology associated with mask ventilation in the very low birth weight infant: A new etiology for intracerebellar hemorrhage. Pediatrics, 1976, 58, 473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Peters, R. M.The mechanical basis of respiration. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1969.Google Scholar
54.Pohlandt, F., Bernsau, U., Feilen, K.-D., et al. Reduction of barotrauma in ventilated neonates by increase in ventilation frequency — first results of a prospective collaborative and randomized trial of two different ventilatory techniques. Pediatric Research, 1985, 19, 1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Pokora, T., Bing, D., Mammel, M., & Boros, S.Neonatal high-frequency jet ventilation. Pediatrics, 1983, 72, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Powers, W. F., & Sweyer, R. P.The peripheral hemodynamic effects of continuous positive transpulmonary pressure breathing in neonates free from cardiopulmonary disease. Pediatrics, 1975, 56, 203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Pusey, V. A., MacPherson, R. I., & Chernick, V.Pulmonary fibroplasia following prolonged artificial ventilation of newborn infants. Canada Medical Association Journal, 1969, 100, 451.Google ScholarPubMed
58.Reynolds, E. O. R.Effect of alternations in mechanical ventilator settings on pulmonary gas exchange in hyaline membrane disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1971, 46, 152–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Reynolds, E. O. R., & Taghiazadeh, A.Improved prognosis of infants mechanically ventilated for hyaline membrane disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1974, 49, 505–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60.Reynolds, E. O. R.Pressure waveform and ventilator settings for mechanical ventilation in severe hyaline membrane disease. International Anaesthesiology Clinics, 1974, 12, 250–59.Google ScholarPubMed
61.Rhodes, P., & Hall, R.CPAP delivered by face mask with the IRDS: A controlled study. Pediatrics, 1973, 52, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Richardson, C. P., & Jung, A. L.Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on pulmonary function and blood gases of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatric Research, 1978, 12, 771–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Roberton, N. R. C.Prolonged continuous positive airways pressure for pulmonary edema due to persistent ductus arteriosus in the newborn. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1974, 49, 585–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Sedin, G.Positive-pressure ventilation at moderately high frequency in newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1986, 30, 515–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65.Sedin, G. Hochfrequente Ueberdruckbeatmung in der Neugeborenen-Intensivbehandlung. Abstract No. 51. Symposium über Päddiatrische Intensivmedizin, Ulm/Neu-Ulm am 4 und 5 Juni, 1982. Klin Pädiat 194, Heft 3, 1982.Google Scholar
66.Silverman, W. A., Sinclair, J. C., Gandy, G. M., Finster, N., Bauman, W. A., & Agate, E. J.A controlled trial of management of respiratory distress syndrome in a body-enclosing respirator: Evaluation of safety. Pediatrics, 1961, 39, 740–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.Sjöstrand, U., Jonzon, A., Öberg, P. Å., & Sedin, G. Studies of blood-pressure regulation with CSNS in the unanaesthetized dogs: The influence of quantified stimulation during the cardiac cycle. In Umbach, W. & Koepchen, H. P. (eds.), Central rhythmic and regulation. Stuttgart; FDR: Hippokrates Verlag, 164–67.Google Scholar
68.Sjöstrand, U., Jonzon, A., & Sedin, G. High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation — Experimental and clinical experience. In Fantoni, A. (ed.), Atti del 30 Corso Nazionale di Aggiornamento in Rianimazione. Milano, 4–5–6 Maggio, 1973. Padova: Piccin Editore, 1974, 13–23.Google Scholar
69.Smith, P. C., Daily, W. J. R., Fletcher, G., Meyer, H. B. P., & Taylor, G.Mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. I. The effect of rate and pressure on arterial oxygenation of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatric Research, 1969, 3, 244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70.Swyer, P. R. An assessment of artificial respiration in the newborn. In Problems of neonatal intensive care units. Report of the 59th Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, OH: 1969, 25–35.Google Scholar
71.Symchych, P. S., & Cadotte, M.Squamous metaplasia and necrosis of the trachea complicating prolonged nasotracheal intubation of small newborn infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 1967, 72, 534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Trindade, O., Goldberg, R. N., Bancalari, E., Dickstein, P., Ellison, J. & Gerhardt, T.Conventional vs high-frequency jet ventilation in a piglet model of meconium aspiration: Comparison of pulmonary and hemodynamic effects. The Journal of Pediatrics, 1985, 107, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Troug, W. E., Murphy, J., Palmer, S., Standaert, T. A., Woodrum, D. E. & Hodson, W. A.Effect of high frequency oscillation on gas exchange and pulmonary phospholipids in experimental hyaline membrane disease. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1983, 127, 585–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74.Wattwill, L. M., Sjöstrand, U. G., Borg, U. R., & Eriksson, I. A.Comparative studies of IPPV and HFPPV with PEEP in critical care patients. II: Studies on intrapulmonary gas distribution. Critical Care Medicine, 1983, 11, 38–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75.Williams, T. J. Continuous positive airway pressure. In Lough, M. D., Williams, T. J., & Rawson, J. E. (eds.), Newborn respiratory care. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1979.Google Scholar