Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:40:49.251Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Phase effect in time-stamped accelerometer measurements – an experimental approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2013

Get access

Abstract

The phase error in a high quality accelerometer was investigated on the basis of systematic experiments on a prototype platform permitting controlled vertical harmonic oscillations. The recordings of an accelerometer and of an ultra-high frequency GPS fixed on this platform were compared with those of a LVDT transducer, controlling the platform movement. All sensors were supported by independent GPS timing. The output of this study is that the recordings of accelerometers are characterized by a random phase error, which, however, decreases with the increase of the oscillation frequency, as dictated from the laws of mechanics. Such errors are important given the increasing use of combinations of accelerometers with various sensors for a wide range of applications. A simple method for the correction of such errors is proposed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© EDP Sciences 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kogan, M.G., Kim, W.-Y., Bock, Y., Smyth, A.W., Load response on a large suspension bridge during the NYC marathon revealed by GPS and accelerometers, Seismol. Res. Lett. 79, 1219 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godha, S., Cannon, M., GPS/MEMS INS integrated system for navigation in urban areas, GPS Solutions 11, 193203 (2007) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojeda, G.Y., Gayes, P.T., Van Dolah, R.F., Schwab, W.C., Spatially quantitative seafloor habitat mapping: example from the northern South Carolina inner continental shelf, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 59, 399416 (2004) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
T. Kingston, V. Gikas, C. Laflamme, C. Larouche, An integrated mobile mapping system for data acquisition and automated asset extraction, 5th Int. Symposium on Mobile Mapping Technology Conference, ISPRS, Padua, Italy, 2007
Toth, C., Shin, S.W., Grejner-Brzezinska, D.A., Kwon, J.H., On accurate time synchronization of multi-sensor mobile mapping systems, J. of Applied Geodesy 2, 159166 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, W., Wang, J., Li, Y., Mumford, P., Rizos, C., Time synchronization error and calibration in integrated GPS/INS systems, ETRI Journal 30, 5967 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, M., The use of GPS disciplined oscillators as primary frequency standards for calibration and metrology laboratories, J. Meas. Technol. 3, 5665 (2008) Google Scholar
Hessling, J.P., A novel method of estimating dynamic measurement errors, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 27402750 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R. Clough, W. Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, 3rd edn. (McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1993)
Psimoulis, P., Pytharouli, S., Karambalis, D., Stiros, S., Potential of Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure frequencies of oscillations of engineering structures, J. Sound Vib. 318, 606623 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
V. Spyropoulos, Design and construction of a calibrated apparatus for production of vertical harmonic oscillations, Unpublished Diploma Thesis, Laboratory of Geodesy and Geodetic Applications, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univeristy of Patras, Patras, 2012 (in Greek)
Chan, W.-S., Xu, Y.-L., Ding, X.-L., Xiong, Y.-L., Dai, W.-J., Assessment of dynamic measurement accuracy of GPS in three directions, J. Surv. Eng. 132, 108177 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, X., Roberts, G., Dodson, A., Cosser, E., Barnes, J., Rizos, C., Impact of GPS satellite and pseudolite geometry on structural deformation monitoring: analytical and empirical studies, Journal of Geodesy 77, 809822 (2004) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
T. Herring, GLOBK: Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS Analysis Program, Version 10.0 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 2000)
Moschas, F., Stiros, S., Measurement of the dynamic displacements and of the modal frequencies of a short-span pedestrian bridge using GPS and an accelerometer, Eng. Struct. 33, 1017 (2011) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, G., Meng, X., Dodson, A., Integrating a global positioning system and accelerometers to monitor the deflection of Bridges, J. Surv. Eng. 130, 65 (2004) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elosegui, P., Davis, J.L., Oberlander, D., Baena, R., Ekström, G., Accuracy of high-rate GPS for seismology, Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L11308 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
S. Han, C. Rizos, Multipath effects on GPS in mine environments, 10th International Congress of the International Society for Mine Surveying, Fremantle, Australia, 1997
E.D. Kaplan, C.J. Hegarty, Understanding GPS: Principles And Applications (Artech House, Boston, 2006)
F. Moschas, S. Stiros, Noise Characteristics of Short-duration, High Frequency GPS-records, Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing, Vol. 9, edited by F. Pavese, M. Bär, J.-R. Filtz, A.B. Forbes, L. Pendrill, H. Shirono, Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences (World Scientific, Singapore, 2012), Vol. 84
Stiros, S., Psimoulis, P., Kokkinou, E., Errors introduced by fluctuations in the sampling rate of automatically recording instruments: experimental and theoretical approach, J. Surv. Eng. 134, 8993 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pytharouli, S., Stiros, S., Spectral analysis of unevenly spaced or discontinuous data using the “normperiod” code, Comput. Struct. 86, 190196 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demir, A., Mehrotra, A., Roychowdhury, J., Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Fundam. Theory Appl. 47, 655674 (2000) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hessling, J.P., A novel method of dynamic correction in the time domain, Measurement Sci. Technol. 19, 075101 (2008) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
L. Ge, L. Dai, S. Han, C. Rizos, Y. Ishikawa, Y. Yoshida, GPS Seismometers: the Implementing Issues, 13th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2000), Salt Lake City, UT, 2000, pp. 75–83
Holland, A., Earthquake Data Recorded by the MEMS Accelerometer: Field Testing in Idaho, Seismol. Res. Lett. 74, 2026 (2003) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocard, M., Geiger, A., Kahle, H.-G., Veis, G., Airborne laser altimetry in the Ionian Sea, Greece, Global Planet, Change 34, 8796 (2002) Google Scholar
Lynch, J.P., Wang, Y., Loh, K.J., Yi, J.-H., Yun, C.-B., Performance monitoring of the Geumdang Bridge using a dense network of high-resolution wireless sensors, Smart Mater. Struct. 15, 15611575 (2006) CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwang, J., Yun, H., Park, S.-K., Lee, D., Hong, S., Optimal methods of rtk-gps/accelerometer integration to monitor the displacement of structures, Sensors 12, 10141034 (2012) CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gikas, V., Ambient vibration monitoring of slender structures by microwave interferometer remote sensing, J. of Applied Geodesy 6, 167176 (2012) CrossRefGoogle Scholar