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Fungal biomarkers are detectable in Martian rock-analogues after space exposure: implications for the search of life on Mars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2021

Claudia Pacelli Open the ORCID record for Claudia Pacelli [Opens in a new window] ,
Alessia Cassaro Open the ORCID record for Alessia Cassaro [Opens in a new window] ,
Mickael Baqué Open the ORCID record for Mickael Baqué [Opens in a new window] ,
Laura Selbmann Open the ORCID record for Laura Selbmann [Opens in a new window] ,
Laura Zucconi Open the ORCID record for Laura Zucconi [Opens in a new window] ,
Alessandro Maturilli Open the ORCID record for Alessandro Maturilli [Opens in a new window] ,
Lorenzo Botta Open the ORCID record for Lorenzo Botta [Opens in a new window] ,
Raffaele Saladino Open the ORCID record for Raffaele Saladino [Opens in a new window] ,
Ute Böttger Open the ORCID record for Ute Böttger [Opens in a new window]  and
René Demets
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Claudia Pacelli
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Italian Space Agency, Scientific Research Unit, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
Alessia Cassaro*
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Mickael Baqué
Affiliation:
Planetary Laboratories Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Ruthefordstraße 2, Berlin, Germany
Laura Selbmann
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, 16128 Genoa, Italy
Laura Zucconi
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Alessandro Maturilli
Affiliation:
Planetary Laboratories Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Ruthefordstraße 2, Berlin, Germany
Lorenzo Botta
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Raffaele Saladino
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Ute Böttger
Affiliation:
Department Terahertz and Laser Spectroscopy, German Aerospace Center (DLR) Berlin, Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
René Demets
Affiliation:
European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Elke Rabbow
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cologne, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
Jean-Pierre P. de Vera
Affiliation:
MUSC, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Space Operations and Astronaut Training, Linder Höhe, Cologne-Porz, Germany
Silvano Onofri
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Alessia Cassaro, E-mail: cassaro@unitus.it
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Abstract

Mars is a primary target of astrobiological interest: its past environmental conditions may have been favourable to the emergence of a prebiotic chemistry and, potentially, biological activity. In situ exploration is currently underway at the Mars surface, and the subsurface (2 m depth) will be explored in the future ESA ExoMars mission. In this context, BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment was performed to evaluate the stability and detectability of organic biomarkers under space and Mars-like conditions. Our data suggested that some target molecules, namely melanin, azelaic acid and nucleic acids, can be detected even after 16 months exposure to Low Earth Orbit conditions by multidisciplinary approaches. We used the same techniques as onboard the ExoMars rover, as Raman and infrared spectroscopies and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and polymerase chain reaction even if this is not planned for the imminent mission to Mars. These results should be taken into account for future Mars exploration.

Keywords

Biomarkersexploration missionslife detectionMarspigmentsspectroscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Astrobiology , Volume 20 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 345 - 358
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Authors have equally contributed to coordinate the research.

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