Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T19:33:20.719Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Early Evolution of Supernova Remnants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

Claes Fransson
Claes Fransson*
Affiliation:
Stockholm Observatory S-133 00 Saltsjöbaden, Sweden

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In his review in 1972 Woltjer [1] divided the evolution of supernova remnants into three different phases, the free expansion phase, the adiabatic Sedov phase and the radiative phase, when cooling of the gas becomes important. The first of these was only briefly discussed and little connection between the supernova explosion and the remnant phase was made. The reason for this is also easy to understand in view of the difficulty of determining the type of explosion even for well-known, young remnants like Cas A, Tycho, Kepler and the Crab remnant.

This situation has changed considerably during the last five years or so, mainly due to observations with new instruments like VLA, IUE and Einstein. With these, as well as large optical and infrared telescopes, the information about the supernova explosion and the early evolution of the supernova remnant has increased dramatically, and a more or less new picture of the explosion has emerged. Instead of a free expansion into a virtual vacuum, with few observational consequences, the supernova undergoes a complex interaction with its immediate surroundings, with a wealth of observational information. In this stage both the structure of the supernova ejecta and the circumstellar medium is crucial for the observational properties. Perhaps, the most interesting aspect of it is that we in this way can bridge the gap between the supernova explosion and the remnant stage.

Type
3. Supernovae
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 89: Radiation Hydrodynamics in Stars and Compacts Objects , 1986 , pp. 141 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © Springer-Verlag 1986

References

1. Woltjer, L. 1972, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1O, 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Chevalier, R.A. 1977, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15, 175.Google Scholar
3. Chevalier, R.A. 1984, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 422, 215.Google Scholar
4. McKee, C.F., and Hollenbach, D.J. 1980, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18, 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Trimble, V. 1982, Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 1183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Trimble, V. 1983, Rev. Mod. Phys. 55, 511.Google Scholar
7. Maza, J., and van den Bergh, S. 1976, Ap. J. 204, 519.Google Scholar
8. Chiosi, C., and Maeder, A. 1986, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 24., in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Weiler, K.W., van der Hulst, J.M., Sramek, R.A., and Panagia, N. 1981, Ap. J. (Letters) 242, L151.Google Scholar
10. Weiler, K.W., Sramek, R.A., Panagia, N., van der Hulst, J.M., and Salvati, M. 1985, submitted to Ap. J.Google Scholar
11. Pacini, F., and Salvati, M. 1981, Ap. J. (Letters) 245, L107.Google Scholar
12. Chevalier, R.A. 1982, Ap. J. 259, 302.Google Scholar
13. Panagia, N. 1985, in Supernovae as Distance Indicators, Ed. Bartel, N., (Springer), p. 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Chevalier, R.A. 1984, Ap. J. (Letters) 265, L63.Google Scholar
15. Panagia, N., Sramek, R.A., and Weiler, K.W. 1985, submitted to Ap. J. (Letters).Google Scholar
16. Uomoto, A., and Kirshner, R.P., 1985 Astr. Ap. 149, L7.Google Scholar
17. Cameron, A.G.W., and Iben, I. Jr. 1985, preprint.Google Scholar
18. Zuckerman, B. 1980, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18, 263.Google Scholar
19. Trimble, V. 1984, Comm. on Astrophys. 10, 127.Google Scholar
20. de Jaeger, C. 1980, The Brightest Stars, (Reidel).Google Scholar
21. Dopita, M.A., Evans, R., Cohen, M., and Schwartz, R.D. 1984, Ap. J. (Letters) 287, L69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Weaver, R., McCray, R., Castor, J., Shapiro, P., and Moore, R. 1977, Ap. J. 218, 377.Google Scholar
23. Weaver, T.A. 1976, Ap. J. Suppl. 32, 233.Google Scholar
24. Belokon, V.A. 1959, Soviet Phys. JETP 9, 235.Google Scholar
25. Chevalier, R.A. 1981, Fundamentals of Cosmic Physics 7, 1.Google Scholar
26. Fransson, C. 1986, in Proc. of Cargese Advanced Study Insitute on High Energy Astrophysics of Collapsed Objects, Ed. Pacini, F., (Reidel) in press.Google Scholar
27. Lasher, G., and Chan, K.L. 1979, Ap. J. 230, 742.Google Scholar
28. Chevalier, R.A., and Klein, R.I. 1979, Ap. J. 234, 597.Google Scholar
29. Epstein, R.I. 1981, Ap. J. (Letters) 244, L89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Fransson, C. 1982, Astr. Ap. 111, 150.Google Scholar
31. Chevalier, R.A. 1982, Ap. J. 258, 790.Google Scholar
32. Chevalier, R.A., and Fransson, C. 1985, in preparation.Google Scholar
33. Chevalier, R.A. 1976, Ap. J. 207, 872.Google Scholar
34. Panagia, N. et al. 1980, M.N.R.A.S. 192, 861.Google Scholar
35. Panagia, N. 1982, Proc. of the Third European IUE Conference, ESA SP-176, p. 31.Google Scholar
36. Fransson, C., Benvenuti, P., Gordon, C., Hempe, K., Palumbo, G.G.C., Panagia, N. Reimers, D., and Wamstecker, W. 1984, Astr. Ap., 132, 1.Google Scholar
37. Fransson, C. 1984, Astr. Ap. 133, 264.Google Scholar
38. Lamb, S.A. 1978, Ap. J. 220, 186.Google Scholar
39. Jones, E.M., Smith, B.W., and Straka, W.C. 1981, Ap. J. 249, 185. Chevalier, R.A., and Jones, E.M., private comm.Google Scholar
40. Raymond, J.C, Cox, A.P., and Smith, B.W. 1976, Ap. J. 204, 290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Cowie, L.L., and McKee, C.F. 1977, Ap. J. 211, 135.Google Scholar
42. Kirshner, R.P., and Kwan, J. 1975, Ap. J. 197, 415.Google Scholar
43. Palumbo, G.G.C., Maccacaro, T., Panagia, N., Vettolani, G., and Zamorani, G. 1981, Ap. J. 242, 484.Google Scholar
44. Canizares, C.R., Kriss, G.A., and Feigelson, E.E. 1982, Ap. J. (Letters) 253, L17.Google Scholar
45. Beall, J.H. 1979, Ap. J. 230, 713.Google Scholar
46. Lundqvist, P., and Fransson, C. 1985, preprint.Google Scholar
47. van den Bergh, S. 1971, Ap. J. 165, 259.Google Scholar
48. Berman, N.M., and Kahn, F.D. 1983, M.N.R.A.S. 205, 303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49. Itoh, H., and Fabian, A.C. 1984, M.N.R.A.S. 208, 645.Google Scholar
50. Kronberg, P.P., Bierman, P., and Schwab, F.R. 1985, Ap. J. 291, 693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51. Chevalier, R.A., and Clegg, A.W. 1985, Nature 317, 44.Google Scholar
52. Spitzer, L. 1978, Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium, (Wiley).Google Scholar
53. McKee, C.F. 1983, in Supernova Remnants and their X-ray Emission, Ed. Danziger, J. and Gorenstein, P., (Reidel), p. 87.Google Scholar
54. Raymond, J.C. 1984, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 75.Google Scholar
55. Murray, S.S., Fabbiano, G., Fabian, A.C., Epstein, A., and Giacconi, R. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters) 234, L69.Google Scholar
56. Seward, F., Gorenstein, P., and Tucker, W. 1983, Ap. J. 266, 287.Google Scholar
57. Chevalier, R.A. 1982, Ap. J. (Letters) 259, L85.Google Scholar
58. Colgate, S.A., and McKee, C. 1969, Ap. J. 157, 623.Google Scholar
59. Fabian, A.C., Brinkman, W., and Stewart, G.C 1983, in Supernova Remnants and their X-ray Emission, Ed. Danziger, J. and Gorenstein, P., (Reidel) p. 119.Google Scholar
60. Fabian, A.C., Stewart, G.C., and Brinkman, W. 1982, Nature 295, 508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61. Hamilton, A.J.S., and Sarazin, C.L. 1984, Ap. J. 281, 682.Google Scholar
62. van den Bergh, S. 1971, Ap. J. 165, 457.Google Scholar
63. McKee, C.F., and Cowie, L.L. 1975, Ap. J. 195, 715.Google Scholar
64. Itoh, H. 1981, Pub. Astr. Soc. Japan 33, 1.Google Scholar
65. Dopita, M.A., Binnette, L., and Tuohy, I.R. 1984, Ap. J. 282, 142.Google Scholar
66. McKee, C.F., and Cowie, L.L. 1977, Ap. J. 215, 213.Google Scholar
67. Balbus, S.A., and McKee, C.F. 1982, Ap. J. 252, 529.Google Scholar
68. Nulsen, P.E.J. 1982, M.N.R.A.S. 198, 1007.Google Scholar
69. Shklovsky, I.S. 1968, Supernovae, (Wiley).Google Scholar
70. Pravdo, S.H., and Smith, B.W. 1979, Ap. J. (Letters) 234, L195.Google Scholar
71. Itoh, H. 1978, Pub. Astr. Soc. Japan 30, 489.Google Scholar
72. Itoh, H. 1984, Ap. J. 285, 601.Google Scholar
73. Shull, J.M. 1981, Ap. J. Suppl. 46, 27.Google Scholar
74. Mewe, R., and Gronenshild, E.H.B.M. 1981, Astr. Ap. Suppl. 45, 11.Google Scholar
75. Raymond, J.C., and Smith, B.W. 1977, Ap. J. Suppl. 35, 419.Google Scholar
76. Becker, R.H., Holt, S.S., Smith, B.W., White, N.E., Boldt, E.A:, Mushotzky, R.F., and Serlemitsos, P.J. 1980, Ap. J. (Letters) 235, L5.Google Scholar
77. Canizares, C.R., Winkler, P.F., Markert, T.H., and Berg, C. 1983, in Supernova Remnants and their X-ray emission, Ed. Danziger, J. and Gorenstein, P., (Reidel) p. 205.Google Scholar
78. Itoh, H. 1977, Pub. Astr. Soc. Japan 29, 813.Google Scholar
79. Itoh, H. 1979, Pub. Astr. Soc. Japan 31, 541.Google Scholar
80. Pye, J.P., Pounds, K.A., Rolf, D.P., Seward, F.D., Smith, A., and Willingale, R. 1981, M.N.R.A.S. 194, 569.Google Scholar
81. Reid, P.B., Becker, R.H., and Long, K.S. 1982, Ap. J. 261, 485.Google Scholar
82. Long, K.S., Dopita, M., and Tuohy, I.R. 1982, Ap. J. 260, 202.Google Scholar
83. Shull, J.M. 1982, Ap. J. 262, 308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84. Reynolds, S.P., and Chevalier, R.A. 1981, Ap. J. 245, 912.Google Scholar
85. Hamilton, A.J.S., Sarazin, C.L., and Szymkowiak, A.E. 1985a, 1985b, submitted to Ap. J.Google Scholar
86. Sutherland, P.G., and Wheeler, J.C. 1984, Ap. J. 280, 282.Google Scholar
87. Graham, J.R., Meikle, P.S., Allen, D.A., Longmore, A.J., and Williams, P.M. 1985, submitted to M.N.R.A.S.Google Scholar
88. Wu, C., Leventhal, M., Sarazin, C.L., and Gull, T.R. 1983, Ap. J. (Letters) 269, L5.Google Scholar
89. Chevalier, R.A. 1976, Ap. J. 208, 826.Google Scholar
90. Fabian, A.C., Willingale, R., Pye, J.P., Murray, S.S., and Fabbiano, G. 1980, M.N.R.A.S. 193, 175.Google Scholar
91. Chevalier, R.A., and Kirshner, R.P. 1978, Ap. J. 219, 931.Google Scholar
92. Henry, R.B.C., and MacAlpine, G.M. 1982, Ap. J. 258, 11.Google Scholar
93. Davidson, K. 1979, Ap. J. 228, 179.Google Scholar
94. Pēquignot, O., and Dennefeld, M. 1983, Astr. Ap. 120, 249.Google Scholar
95. Nomoto, K. 1982, in Supernovae: A Survey of Current Research, Ed. Rees, M.J. and Stoneham, R.J., (Reidel), p. 205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
96. Hillebrandt, W. 1982, Astr. Ap. 110, L3.Google Scholar
97. Chevalier, R.A. 1977, in Supernovae, Ed. Schramm, D.A. (Reidel), p. 53.Google Scholar
98. Maeder, A. 1981, Astr. Ap. 102, 401.Google Scholar
99. Murdin, P., and Clark, D.H. 1982, Nature 294, 543.Google Scholar
100. Toor, A., Palmieri, T.M., and Seward, F.D. 1976, Ap. J. 207, 96.Google Scholar
101. Wilson, A.S., and Weiler, K.W. 1982, Nature, 300, 155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
102. Chevalier, R.A., Fransson, C., and Lundqvist, P. 1985, in preparation.Google Scholar