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Randomized Comparison of 2 Protocols to Prevent Acquisition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Results of a 2-Center Study Involving 500 Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Christophe Camus ,
Eric Bellissant ,
Annick Legras ,
Alain Renault ,
Arnaud Gacouin ,
Sylvain Lavoué ,
Bernard Branger ,
Pierre-Yves Donnio ,
Pascal le Corre  and
Yves Le Tulzo
...Show all authors
Christophe Camus*
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France INSERM 0203 Clinical Investigation Centre, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Eric Bellissant
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France INSERM 0203 Clinical Investigation Centre, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Annick Legras
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
Alain Renault
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France INSERM 0203 Clinical Investigation Centre, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Arnaud Gacouin
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Sylvain Lavoué
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Bernard Branger
Affiliation:
Public Health Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Pierre-Yves Donnio
Affiliation:
Microbiology Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Pascal le Corre
Affiliation:
Pharmacy Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Yves Le Tulzo
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
Dominique Perrotin
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Bretonneau Hospital, Tours University, Tours, France
Rémi Thomas
Affiliation:
Medical Intensive Care Department, Pontchaillou Hospital, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
*
Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes Cedex, France (christophe.camus@chu-rennes.fr)
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Abstract

Objective.

To compare an interventional protocol with a standard protocol for preventing the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Design.

Prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, nonblinded clinical trial.

Setting.

Medical ICUs of 2 French university hospitals.

Participants.

Five hundred adults with an expected length of stay in the ICU greater than 48 hours.

Interventions.

For the intervention group, the protocol required repeated MRSA screening, contact and droplet isolation precautions for patients at risk for MRSA at ICU admission and for MRSA-positive patients, and decontamination with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body wash for MRSA-positive patients. For the standard group, the standard precautions protocol was used, and the results of repeated MRSA screening in the standard group were not communicated to investigators.

Main Outcome Measure.

MRSA acquisition rate in the ICU. An audit was conducted to assess compliance with hygiene and isolation precautions.

Results.

In the intent-to-treat analysis (n = 488), the MRSA acquisition rate in the ICU was similar in the standard (13 [5.3%] of 243) and intervention (16 [6.5%] of 245) groups (P =.58). The audit showed that the overall compliance rate was 85.5% in the standard group and 84.1% in the intervention group (P =.63), although compliance was higher when isolation precautions were absent than when they were in place (88.2% vs 79.1%; P<.001). MRSA incidence rates were higher without isolation precautions (7.57‰) than with isolation precautions (2.36‰; P =.01).

Conclusions.

Individual allocation to MRSA screening, isolation precautions, and decontamination do not provide individual benefit in reducing MRSA acquisition, compared with standard precautions, although the collective risk was lower during the periods of isolation.

Trial Registration.

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00151606.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 32 , Issue 11 , November 2011 , pp. 1064 - 1072
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2011

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