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Effectiveness of Oral Rinse with Chlorhexidine in Preventing Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections among Intensive Care Unit Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues ,
Wanessa Teixeira Bellissimo-Rodrigues ,
Jaciara Machado Viana ,
Gil Cezar Alkmim Teixeira ,
Edson Nicolini ,
Maria Auxiliadora-Martins ,
Afonso Dinis Costa Passos ,
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez ,
Anibal Basile-Filho  and
Roberto Martinez
Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues*
Affiliation:
Hospital Infection Control Committee, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Wanessa Teixeira Bellissimo-Rodrigues
Affiliation:
PhD program, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Jaciara Machado Viana
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Gil Cezar Alkmim Teixeira
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Edson Nicolini
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Afonso Dinis Costa Passos
Affiliation:
Social Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
Affiliation:
Social Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Anibal Basile-Filho
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
Roberto Martinez
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirāo Preto, Universidade de Säo Paulo, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
*
Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus Universitário-Monte Alegre, CEP 14048-900, Ribeirāo Preto, Sāo Paulo, Brazil (fbellissimo@ig.com.br)
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Abstract

Objective.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine for prevention of respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Design.

The study design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting.

The study was performed in an ICU in a tertiary care hospital at a public university.

Patients.

Study participants comprised 194 patients admitted to the ICU with a prospective length of stay greater than 48 hours, randomized into 2 groups: those who received Chlorhexidine (n = 98) and those who received a placebo (n = 96).

Intervention.

Oral rinses with Chlorhexidine or a placebo were performed 3 times a day throughout the duration of the patient's stay in the ICU. Clinical data were collected prospectively.

Results.

Both groups displayed similar baseline clinical features. The overall incidence of respiratory tract infections (RR, 1.0 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-1.60]) and the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator-days were similar in both experimental and control groups (22.6 vs 22.3; P = .95). Respiratory tract infection-free survival time (7.8 vs 6.9 days; P = .61), duration of mechanical ventilation (11.1 vs 11.0 days; P = .61), and length of stay (9.7 vs 10.4 days; P = .67) did not differ between the Chlorhexidine and placebo groups. However, patients in the Chlorhexidine group exhibited a larger interval between ICU admission and onset of the first respiratory tract infection (11.3 vs 7.6 days; P = .05). The chances of surviving the ICU stay were similar (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.72-1.63]).

Conclusion.

Oral application of a 0.12% solution of Chlorhexidine does not prevent respiratory tract infections among ICU patients, although it may retard their onset.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 30 , Issue 10 , October 2009 , pp. 952 - 958
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2009

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