¹ Wiener, Antje, Global Constitutionalism: Mapping an Emerging Field 2-3 (Conference Constitutionalism in a New Key? Cosmopolitan, Pluralist and Public Reason-Oriented, Working Paper, 2011), available at http://cosmopolis.wzb.eu/content/program/conkey_Wiener_Mapping-Field.pdf. See also Ester H. Karnell, The EU as a Promoter of Values and the European Global Project, 13 GERMAN L.J. (forthcoming Dec. 2012).Google Scholar

² Walker, Neil, The Idea of Constitutional Pluralism, 65 Mod. L. Rev. 317, 320-21 (2002).Google Scholar

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²⁵ C.f. Neil MacCormick, Questioning Sovereignty 107 (1999).Google Scholar

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³¹ Such conditionality may also come from multinational corporations acting out of a sense of corporate social responsibility.Google Scholar

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⁴⁸ Both claims are similar to the first two of Maduro's three claims. See Maduro, supra note 3.Google Scholar

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⁵⁴ The idea has also been referred to as constitutional tolerance. See Joseph Weiler, Federalism Without Constitutionalism: Europe's Sonderweg, in The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union 54 (Kalypso Nicolaïdis & Robert Howse eds., 2002).Google Scholar

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