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Scratching the discs: evaluating alternative hypotheses for the origin of the Ediacaran discoidal structures from the Cerro Negro Formation, La Providencia Group, Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2021

Lucas Inglez Open the ORCID record for Lucas Inglez [Opens in a new window] ,
Lucas V. Warren ,
Fernanda Quaglio ,
Renata G. Netto ,
Juliana Okubo Open the ORCID record for Juliana Okubo [Opens in a new window] ,
Maria J. Arrouy ,
Marcello G. Simões  and
Daniel G. Poiré
Lucas Inglez*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A, 1515, Rio Claro13506-900, Brazil
Lucas V. Warren
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A, 1515, Rio Claro13506-900, Brazil
Fernanda Quaglio
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Jd. Eldorado, Diadema, 09972-270, Brasil
Renata G. Netto
Affiliation:
Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Juliana Okubo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geologia, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24A, 1515, Rio Claro13506-900, Brazil
Maria J. Arrouy
Affiliation:
Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras “Dr. E. J. Usunoff”, República de Italia 780, B7300, Azul, Argentina
Marcello G. Simões
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu18618-000, Brazil
Daniel G. Poiré
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas, UNLP-CONICET, calle 1, n. 644, La Plata1900, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Lucas Inglez, Email: lucas.inglez@unesp.br
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Abstract

In the Ediacaran marine succession of the Cerro Negro Formation (Tandilia System, NE Argentina), abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures indicate general conditions of substrate biostabilization. Numerous discoidal structures in this succession were previously interpreted as moulds of soft-tissue holdfasts of sessile organisms, within the form genus Aspidella. In this study, we performed a detailed re-analysis of some of these features and discuss two alternative hypotheses to explain their genesis: (1) as the result of soft-sediment deformation and fluid injection structures; and (2) as structures of active animal–sediment interaction (i.e. trace fossils). We show that the dome-shaped discs are internally laminated, with a cylindrical to a funnel-shaped vertical tube at their central region. The presence of these downwards vertical extensions and other intricate internal arrangements cannot be explained under the taphonomic spectrum of discoidal fossils, but shows striking similarities to Intrites-like structures and other sand-volcano-like pseudofossils (e.g. Astropolithon). However, some structures are hard to distinguish from vertical dwelling burrows with funnel-shaped apertures and thick-lined walls, commonly produced by suspension- and detritus-feeding invertebrates (e.g. Skolithos isp., Monocraterion isp. and, less likely, Rosselia isp.). Since reliable age constraints are unavailable, and further investigation concerning other palaeobiological indicators is needed, the most parsimonious hypothesis is that of a structure derived from fluid-escape processes. Our study demonstrates the importance of detailed investigation on discoidal structures in either upper Ediacaran or lower Cambrian strata.

Keywords

Aspidella-plexussoft-sediment deformationEdiacaran biotavertical burrows
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Special Issue 7: THEMATIC ISSUE: The Ediacaran System and the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition , July 2022 , pp. 1192 - 1209
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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