Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:09:30.984Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the early Mesozoic granitoids in the northern Alxa region, Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2022

Xiaochen Zhao Open the ORCID record for Xiaochen Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Chiyang Liu ,
Jianqiang Wang ,
Yazhuo Niu ,
Lei Huang Open the ORCID record for Lei Huang [Opens in a new window] ,
Shaohua Zhang Open the ORCID record for Shaohua Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Fangpeng Du ,
Heng Peng ,
Yingtao Chen  and
Tao Peng
...Show all authors
Xiaochen Zhao*
Affiliation:
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Chiyang Liu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Jianqiang Wang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Yazhuo Niu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi’an Centre of Geological Survey (Northwest China Centre of Geoscience Innovation), China Geological Survey, Xi’an, 710054, China
Lei Huang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Shaohua Zhang
Affiliation:
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China
Fangpeng Du
Affiliation:
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Heng Peng
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Yingtao Chen
Affiliation:
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Tao Peng
Affiliation:
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
Zhengzheng Mao
Affiliation:
College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
*
Authors for correspondence: Jianqiang Wang, Email: wjq@nwu.edu.cn; Xiaochen Zhao, Email: zxcnwu@126.com
Authors for correspondence: Jianqiang Wang, Email: wjq@nwu.edu.cn; Xiaochen Zhao, Email: zxcnwu@126.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The northern Alxa region is located in the central segment of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Many controversies and deficiencies still exist regarding the magma source characteristics, petrogenesis and tectonic regimes during the late Palaeozoic – early Mesozoic period within this region. This study presents whole-rock compositions and zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data for three early Mesozoic I- and A-type granitic plutons occurring in the northern Alxa region. The Haerchaoenji and Chahanhada I-type granitoids yielded zircon 206Pb–238U ages of 245 ± 5 Ma and 245 ± 2 Ma, respectively. The variable positive zircon ϵHf(t) values between +1.8 and +11.8, with young TDM ages of 425–837 Ma, indicate that these I-type granitoids were mainly derived from juvenile crustal materials. The Wulantaolegai pluton has a zircon 206Pb–238U age of 237 ± 2 Ma and is classified as having high-K calc-alkaline A-type affinity. Furthermore, the positive zircon ϵHf(t) values of the Wulantaolegai granite range from +3.3 to +8.7 with young TDM ages of 545–778 Ma, suggesting the involvement of a juvenile crustal source as well. Furthermore, the major-element compositions of the Chahanhada and Wulantaolegai granites suggest the input of metasedimentary components. Geochemically, the Haerchaoenji and Chahanhada I-type granitoids show an arc affinity, while the Wulantaolegai granite exhibits a post-collisional affinity. However, with regional data, we suggest that the Haerchaoenji and Chahanhada I-type granitoids were also emplaced in a post-collisional setting, and the arc affinity was probably inherited from recycled subduction-related materials. These lines of evidence obtained in this study enable us to argue that the Palaeo-Asian Ocean in the central segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt closed before Middle Triassic time.

Keywords

geochemistryU–Pb geochronologyHf isotopic compositiongranitoidsnorthern Alxa regionCentral Asian Orogenic Belt
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 3 , March 2023 , pp. 601 - 622
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albarède, F, Scherer, EE, Blichert, TJ, Rosing, M, Simionovici, A and Bizzarro, M (2006) γ–ray irradiation in the early Solar System and the conundrum of the 176Lu decay constant. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 1261–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altherr, R, Holl, A, Hegner, E, Langer, C and Kreuzer, H (2000) High-potassium, calc-alkaline I-type plutonism in the European Variscides: northern Vosges (France) and northern Schwarzwald (Germany). Lithos 50, 51–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ao, WH, Zhao, Y, Zhang, YK, Zhai, MG, Zhang, H, Zhang, RY, Wang, Q and Sun, Y (2019) The Neoproterozoic magmatism in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block: insights from Neoproterozoic (950–706 Ma) gabbroic-granitoid rocks of the Hannan Complex. Precambrian Research 333, 105442. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, AP, Wooden, JL, Tosdal, RM and Morrison, J (1995) Crustal contamination in the petrogenesis of a calc-alkalic rock series: Josephine Mountain intrusion, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107, 201–12.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bea, F, Montero, P, Molina, JF, Scarrow, JH, Cambeses, A and Moreno, JA (2018) Lu-Hf ratios of crustal rocks and their bearing on zircon Hf isotope model ages: the effects of accessories. Chemical Geology 484, 179–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BGMRIM (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) (1991) Regional Geology of Inner Mongol Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Blichert-Toft, J and Albarède, F (1997) The Lu–Hf geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle–crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 243–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blundy, J and Cashman, K (2001) Ascent-driven crystallization of dacite magmas at Mount St Helens, 1980–1986. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 140, 631–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boehnke, P, Watson, EB, Trail, D, Harrison, TM and Schmitt, AK (2013) Zircon saturation re-revisited. Chemical Geology 351, 324–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, B (2007) A-type granites and related rocks: evolution of a concept, problems and prospects. Lithos 97, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucot, AJ, Chen, X and Scotese, CR (2013) Phanerozoic Paleoclimate: An Atlas of Lithologic Indicators of Climate. SEPM, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, vol. 11, 478 pp.Google Scholar
Bu, JJ, Niu, ZJ, Wu, J and Duan, XF (2012) Sedimentary characteristics and age of Amushan Formation in Ejin Banner and its adjacent areas, western Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 31, 1669–83 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Cai, KD, Sun, M, Yuan, C, Long, XP and Xiao, WJ (2011a) Geological framework and Paleozoic tectonic history of the Chinese Altai, NW China: a review. Russian Geology and Geophysics 52, 1585–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, KD, Sun, M, Yuan, C, Zhao, GC, Xiao, WJ, Long, XP and Wu, FY (2011b) Prolonged magmatism, juvenile nature and tectonic evolution of the Chinese Altai, NW China: evidence from zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of Paleozoic granitoids. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 42, 949–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, HH, Xu, WL, Pei, FP, Guo, PY and Wang, F (2012) Permian tectonic evolution of the eastern section of the northern margin of the North China Plate: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica 28, 2733–50 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Cao, HH, Xu, WL, Pei, FP and Zhang, XZ (2011) Permian tectonic evolution in Southwestern Khanka massif: evidence from zircon U–Pb chronology, Hf isotope and geochemistry of gabbro and diorite. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 85, 1390–402.Google Scholar
Castro, A, Moreno-Ventas, I, Fernández, C, Vujovich, G, Gallastegui, G, Heredia, N, Martino, RD, Becchio, R, Corretgé, LG, Díaz-Alvarado, J, Such, P, García-Arias, M and Liu, DY (2011) Petrology and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of Cordilleran granitoids of the Bariloche area, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 32, 508–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, BW and White, AJR (1992) I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 83, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, BW and White, AJR (2001) Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, 489–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charvet, J, Shu, LS, Laurent-Charvet, S, Wang, B, Faure, M, Cluzel, D, Chen, Y and De Jong, K (2011) Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Tianshan belt, NW China. Science China: Earth Sciences 54, 166–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, B, Jahn, BM and Tian, W (2009) Evolution of the Solonker suture zone: constraints from zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic ratios and whole-rock Nd-Sr isotope compositions of subduction- and collision-related magmas and forearc sediments. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34, 245–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C, Ren, YS, Zhao, HL, Yang, Q and Shang, QQ (2017) Age, tectonic setting, and metallogenic implication of Phanerozoic granitic magmatism at the eastern margin of the Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt, NE China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 144, 368–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, GC, Shi, JZ, Jiang, T, Zhang, HY, Li, W and Wang, BW (2015) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of granitoids in Tamusu, Alxa Right Banner, Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 34, 1884–96 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chen, Y, Wu, TR, Gan, LS, Zhang, ZC and Fu, B (2019) Provenance of the early to mid-Paleozoic sediments in the northern Alxa area: implications for tectonic evolution of the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Gondwana Research 67, 115–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, JD, Darbyshire, DPF and Flinders, J (2009) Sources of post-orogenic calcalkaline magmas: the Arrochar and Garabal Hill–Glen Fyne complexes, Scotland. Lithos 112, 524–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, JD, Stevens, G and Farina, F (2011) The enigmatic sources of I-type granites: the peritectic connexion. Lithos 126, 174–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, WJ, Beams, SD, White, AJR and Chappell, BW (1982) Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 80, 189–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, WJ, Huang, HQ, Bowden, P and Kemp, AIS (2020) Repeated S–I–A-type granite trilogy in the Lachlan Orogen, and geochemical contrasts with A-type granites in Nigeria: implications for petrogenesis and tectonic discrimination. In Post-Archean Granitic Rocks: Petrogenetic Processes and Tectonic Environments (eds Janoušek, V, Bonin, B, Collins, WJ, Farina, F and Bowden, P), pp. 53–76. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 491.Google Scholar
Cope, T, Ritts, BD, Darby, BJ, Fildani, A and Graham, SA (2005) Late Paleozoic sedimentation on the northern margin of the North China block: implications for regional tectonics and climate change. International Geology Review 47, 270–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dan, W, Li, XH, Wang, Q, Tang, GJ and Liu, Y (2014) An Early Permian (ca. 280 Ma) silicic igneous province in the Alxa Block, NW China: a magmatic flare-up triggered by a mantle-plume. Lithos 204, 144–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dan, W, Li, XH, Wang, Q, Wang, XC, Wyman, DA and Liu, Y (2016) Phanerozoic amalgamation of the Alxa Block and North China Craton: evidence from Paleozoic granitoids, U–Pb geochronology and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotope geochemistry. Gondwana Research 32, 105–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dan, W, Wang, Q, Wang, XC, Liu, Y, Wyman, DA and Liu, YS (2015) Overlapping Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic compositions in Permian mafic enclaves and host granitoids in Alxa Block, NW China: evidence for crust–mantle interaction and implications for the generation of silicic igneous provinces. Lithos 230, 133–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolgopolova, A, Seltmann, R, Armstrong, R, Belousova, E, Pankhurst, RJ and Kavalieris, I (2013) Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope systematics of the Hugo Dummett Cu-Au porphyry deposit (Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia). Lithos 164, 47–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domeier, M (2018) Early Paleozoic tectonics of Asia: towards a full-plate model. Geoscience Frontiers 9, 789–862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domeier, M and Torsvik, TH (2014) Plate tectonics in the late Paleozoic. Geoscience Frontiers 5, 303–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, QX, Han, ZZ, Shen, X, Han, C, Song, ZG, Gao, LH, Han, M and Zhong, WJ (2019) Geochronology and geochemistry of Permo-Triassic sandstones in eastern Jilin Province (NE China): implications for final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Geoscience Frontiers 10, 683–704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eby, GN (1992) Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology 20, 641–4.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eizenhöfer, PR and Zhao, GC (2018) Solonker Suture in East Asia and its bearing on the final closure of the eastern segment of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 153–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhao, GC, Sun, M, Zhang, J, Han, YG and Hou, WZ (2015a) Geochronological and Hf isotopic variability of detrital zircons in Paleozoic strata across the accretionary collision zone between the North China craton and Mongolian arcs and tectonic implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin 127, 1422–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhao, GC, Zhang, J, Han, YG, Hou, WZ, Liu, DX and Wang, B (2015b) Geochemical characteristics of the Permian basins and their provenances across the Solonker Suture Zone: assessment of net crustal growth during the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Lithos 224–225, 240–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhao, G, Zhang, J and Sun, M (2014) Final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker Suture Zone: constraints from geochronological and geochemical data of Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Tectonics 33, 441–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ersoy, EY, Palmer, MR, Genç, ŞC, Prelević, D, Akal, C and Uysal, İ (2017) Chemo-probe into the mantle origin of the NW Anatolia Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks: implications for the role of, crustal accretion, subduction, slab roll-back and slab break-off processes in genesis of post-collisional magmatism. Lithos 288–289, 55–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, CD and Frost, BR (2011) On ferroan (A-type) granitoids: their compositional variability and modes of origin. Journal of Petrology 52, 39–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, YS and Zhou, XW (2010) Early Neoproterozoic granite events in Alxa area of Inner Mongolia and their geological significance: evidence from geochronology. Acta Mineralogica et Petrologica 29, 779–95 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Geng, YS and Zhou, XW (2011) Characteristics of geochemistry and zircon Hf isotope of the Early Neoproterozoic granite in Alax area, Inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 897–908.Google Scholar
Gorton, MP and Schandl, ES (2000) From continents to island arcs: a geochemical index of tectonic setting for arc-related and within-plate felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks. Canadian Mineralogist 38, 1065–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, WL, Wang, X, Jackson, SE, Pearson, NJ, O’Reilly, SY, Xu, X and Zhou, X (2002) Zircon chemistry and magma mixing, SE China: in-situ analysis of Hf isotopes, Tonglu and Pingtan igneous complexes. Lithos 61, 237–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, F, Nakamuru, E, Fan, WM, Kobayoshi, K and Li, CW (2007) Generation of Palaeocene adakitic andesites by magma mixing; Yanji area, NE China. Journal of Petrology 48, 661–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, YG and Zhao, GC (2018) Final amalgamation of the Tianshan and Junggar orogenic collage in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: constraints on the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 129–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, RA, Stone, DB and Turner, DL (1987) Tectonic implications of paleomagnetic and geochronologic data from the Yukon-Koyukuk province, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin 99, 362–75.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, DF, Dong, Y, Xu, X, Chen, JL, Liu, XM and Li, W (2018) Geochemistry, geochronology and Hf isotope of granitoids in the Chinese Altai: implications for Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Geoscience Frontiers 9, 1399–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, PWO and Schaltegger, U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, BC, Yan, YG, Piper, JDA, Zhang, DH, Yi, ZY, Yu, S and Zhou, TH (2018) Paleomagnetic constraints on the paleogeography of the East Asian blocks during Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic times. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 8–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, BC, Yang, ZY, Otofuji, Y and Zhu, RX (1999) Early Paleozoic paleomagnetic poles from the western part of the North China Block and their implications. Tectonophysics 308, 377–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hui, J, Zhang, KJ, Zhang, J, Qu, JF, Zhang, BH, Zhao, H and Niu, PF (2021) Middle–late Permian high-K adakitic granitoids in the NE Alxa block, northern China: orogenic record following the closure of a Paleo-Asian oceanic branch? Lithos 400–401, 106379. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, TH and Baragar, WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 523–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, BM, Capdevila, R, Liu, DY, Vernon, A and Badarch, G (2004) Sources of Phanerozoic granitoids in the transect Bayanhongor-Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia: geochemical and Nd isotopic evidence, and implications for Phanerozoic crustal growth. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23, 629–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jian, P, Liu, D, Kröner, A, Windley, BF, Shi, Y, Zhan, F, Shi, G, Miao, L, Zhang, W, Zhang, Q, Zhang, L and Ren, J (2008) Time scale of an early to mid-Paleozoic orogenic cycle of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Inner Mongolia of China: implications for continental growth. Lithos 101, 233–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jian, P, Liu, D, Kröner, A, Windley, BF, Shi, YR, Zhang, W, Zhang, FQ, Miao, LC, Zhang, LQ and Tomurhuu, D (2010) Evolution of a Permian intra oceanic arc–trench system in the Solonker suture zone, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, China and Mongolia. Lithos 118, 169–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, AIS, Hawkesworth, CJ, Foster, GL, Paterson, BA, Woodhead, JD, Hergt, JM, Gray, CM and Whitehouse, MJ (2007) Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotopes in zircon. Science 315, 980–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kemp, T, Paterson, B and Hawkesworth, C (2005) A coupled Lu-Hf and O isotope in zircon approach to granite genesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (Suppl.), 243.Google Scholar
King, PL, White, AJR, Chappell, BW and Allen, CM (1997) Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeastern Australia. Journal of Petrology 38, 371–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S, Chung, SL, Wilde, SA, Jahn, BM, Xiao, WJ, Wang, T and Guo, QQ (2017) Early-Middle Triassic high Sr/Y granitoids in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: implications for ocean closure in accretionary orogens. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, 2291–309.Google Scholar
Li, S, Chung, SL, Wilde, SA, Wang, T, Xiao, WJ and Guo, QQ (2016a) Linking magmatism with collision in an accretionary orogen. Scientific Reports 6, 25751. doi: 10.1038/srep25751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, DP, Jin, Y, Hou, KJ, Chen, YL and Lu, Z (2015) Late Paleozoic final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the eastern part of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt: constrains from Carboniferous–Permian (meta-) sedimentary strata and (meta-) igneous rocks. Tectonophysics 665, 251–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S, Wang, T, Wilde, SA and Tong, Y (2013) Evolution, source and tectonic significance of Early Mesozoic granitoid magmatism in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (central segment). Earth-Science Reviews 126, 206–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S, Wang, T, Wilde, SA, Tong, Y, Hong, DW and Guo, QQ (2012) Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Triassic granitoids from Beishan, NW China. Lithos 134–135, 123–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S, Wilde, SA, Wang, T, Xiao, WJ and Guo, QQ (2016b) Latest Early Permian granitic magmatism in southern Inner Mongolia, China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Gondwana Research 29, 168–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y, Liu, XM, Hu, ZC, Diwu, CR, Yuan, HL and Gao, S (2007) Evaluation of accuracy and long-term stability of determination of 37 trace elements in geological samples by ICP-MS. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 1203–10 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Zhao, G, Han, Y, Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhu, YL, Hou, WZ and Zhang, XR (2017) Timing of the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Alxa Terrane: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of Late Carboniferous to Permian gabbros and diorites. Lithos 274–275, 19–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Zhao, GC, Han, YG, Li, XP, Zhu, YL, Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhang, XR, Wang, B and Tsui, RW (2018) Geochronology and geochemistry of Paleozoic to Mesozoic granitoids in Western Inner Mongolia, China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Geology 126, 451–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Zhao, GC, Han, YG, Zhu, YL, Wang, B, Eizenhöfer, PR and Zhang, XR (2019a) Detrital zircon provenance constraints on the final closure of the middle segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Gondwana Research 69, 73–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Zhao, GC, Han, YG, Zhu, YL, Wang, B, Eizenhöfer, PR, Zhang, XR and Tsui, RW (2019b) Timing of the final closure of the middle segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: insights from geochronology and geochemistry of Carboniferous–Triassic volcanosedimentary successions in western Inner Mongolia, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin 131, 941–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Zhao, G, Sun, M, Han, YG, Eizenhöfer, PR, Hou, WZ, Zhang, XR, Zhu, YL, Wang, B, Liu, DX and Xu, B (2016) Early Paleozoic subduction processes of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: insights from geochronology and geochemistry of Paleozoic plutons in the Alxa Terrane. Lithos 262, 546–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, ZB and Zhang, WJ (2014a) Geochemical characteristics and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Late Permian granodiorite in Hanggale, Alxa Right Banner, Inner Mongolia. Geological Review 60, 409–26 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liu, ZB and Zhang, WJ (2014b) Geochemical characteristics and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of Late Permian quartz monzodiorite in Hanggale, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology 41, 329–38 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Lu, JC, Wei, XY, Li, YH and Wei, JS (2012) Geochemical characteristics of Carboniferous-Permian hydrocarbon source rocks of Xiangtan 9 well in Ejin Banner, western Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 31, 1628–38 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Lu, YH, Zhao, ZF and Zheng, YF (2016) Geochemical constraints on the source nature and melting conditions of Triassic granites from South Qinling in central China. Lithos 264, 141–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, YH, Zhao, ZF and Zheng, YF (2017) Geochemical constraints on the nature of magma sources for Triassic granitoids from South Qinling in central China. Lithos 284–285, 30–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ludwig, KR (2003) User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication no. 4.Google Scholar
Ma, XH, Zhu, WP, Zhou, ZH and Qiao, SL (2017) Transformation from Paleo-Asian Ocean closure to Paleo-Pacific subduction: new constraints from granitoids in the eastern Jilin-Heilongjiang Belt, NE China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 144, 261–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maniar, PD and Piccoli, PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, 635–43.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H, Smithies, RH, Rapp, R, Moyen, JF and Champion, D (2005) An overview of adakite, tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, E, Xu, WL, Pei, FP, Yang, DB, Wang, F and Zhang, XZ (2011) Permian bimodal volcanism in the Zhangguangcai Range of eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China: zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and geochemical evidence. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41, 119–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, CF, McDowell, SM and Mapes, RW (2003) Hot and cold granites: implications of zircon saturation temperatures and preservation of inheritance. Geology 31, 529–32.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mushkin, A, Navon, O, Halica, L, Hartmann, G and Stein, M (2003) The petrogenesis of A type magmas from the Amram Massif, Southern Israel. Petrology 44, 815–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, YZ, Shi, GR, Wang, JQ, Liu, CY, Zhou, JL, Lu, JC, Song, B and Xu, W (2021) The closing of the southern branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: constraints from sedimentary records in the southern Beishan Region of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 124, 104791. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NXBG (Ningxia Bureau of Geology) (1980a) Geological Report of Wuliji. Ningxia Bureau of Geology (in Chinese).Google Scholar
NXBG (Ningxia Bureau of Geology) (1980b) Geological Report of Yingen. Ningxia Bureau of Geology (in Chinese).Google Scholar
NXBG (Ningxia Bureau of Geology) (1982) Geological Report of Shalataoerhan. Ningxia Bureau of Geology (in Chinese).Google Scholar
NXBG (Ningxia Bureau of Geology) (2001) Geological Report of Wuliji. Ningxia Bureau of Geology (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Patiño Douce, AE (1999) What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of the granitic magmas? In Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques (eds Castro, A, Fernández, C and Vigneresse, JL), pp. 55–75. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 168. Google Scholar
Pearce, JA (1996) Sources and settings of granitic rocks. Episodes 19, 120–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, JA, Harris, NBW and Tindle, AG (1984) Trace element discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 956–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peccerillo, A and Taylor, AR (1976) Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pu, JJ, Wu, J, Duan, XF, Jiang, T, Shi, JZ and Chen, GC (2013) Permian brachiopod faunas from Engeerwusu Area in Yingen-Ejin Banner basin and its significance. Geological Science and Technology Information 32, 1–5 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Quelhas, P, Mata, J and Dias, Á (2020) Evidence for mixed contribution of mantle and lower and upper crust to the genesis of Jurassic I-type granites from Macao, SE China. Geological Society of America Bulletin 133, 37–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, RP and Watson, EB (1995) Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8–32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 36, 891–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudnick, RL and Fountain, DM (1995) Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Reviews of Geophysics 33, 267–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Şengör, AMC, Natal’in, BA and Burtman, VS (1993) Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature 364, 299–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, XL, Du, QX, Han, ZZ, Song, ZG, Han, C, Zhong, WJ and Ren, X (2019) Constraints of zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes from Late Permian-Middle Triassic flora-bearing strata in the Yanbian area (NE China) on a scissor-like closure model of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 183, 103964. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.103964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, P, Shen, YC, Liu, TB, Meng, L, Dai, HW and Yang, YH (2009) Geochemical signature of porphyries in the Baogutu porphyry copper belt, western Junggar, NW China. Gondwana Research 16, 227–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, XJ (2015) The tectonic affinity of the Zongnaishan-Shalazhashan zone in northern Alxa and its implications: evidence from intrusive and metamorphic rocks. Ph.D. thesis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China. Published thesis.Google Scholar
Shi, YR, Jian, P, Kröner, A, Li, LL, Liu, C and Zhang, W (2016) Zircon ages and Hf isotopic compositions of Ordovician and Carboniferous granitoids from central Inner Mongolia and their significance for early and late Paleozoic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 117, 153–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, GZ, Song, GZ, Wang, H, Huang, CY, Zhang, LD and Tang, JR (2016) Late Paleozoic tectonics of the Solonker Zone in the Wuliji area, Inner Mongolia, China: insights from stratigraphic sequence, chronology, and sandstone geochemistry. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 127, 100–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, XJ, Tong, Y, Wang, T, Zhang, JJ, Zhang, ZC, Zhang, L, Guo, L, Zeng, T and Geng, JZ (2012) LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age and geochemistry of the Early Permian Halinudeng granite in northern Alxa area, western Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 31, 662–70 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Shi, XJ, Wang, T, Zhang, L, Castro, A, Xiao, XC, Tong, Y, Zhang, JJ, Guo, L and Yang, QD (2014a) Timing, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Late Paleozoic gabbro-granodiorite-granite intrusions in the Shalazhashan of northern Alxa: constraints on the southernmost boundary of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Lithos 208–209, 158–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, XJ, Zhang, L, Wang, T, Xiao, XC, Tong, Y, Zhang, JJ, Geng, JZ and Ye, K (2014b) Geochronology and geochemistry of the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks from Zongnaishan area in northern Alxa, Inner Mongolia, and their tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 33, 989–1007 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Shi, XJ, Zhang, L, Wang, T, Zhang, JJ, Liu, MH, Zhou, HS and Yan, YT (2016) Zircon geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions for the Mesoproterozoic gneisses in Zongnaishan area, northern Alxa and its tectonic affinity. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32, 3518–36 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Song, DF, Xiao, WJ, Collins, A, Glorie, S and Han, CM (2018a) Late Carboniferous-early Permian arc magmatism in the south-western Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): constraints on the late Palaeozoic subduction history of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Geological Journal 54, 1046–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, DF, Xiao, WJ, Collins, AS, Glorie, S, Han, CM and Li, YC (2018b) Final subduction processes of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): constraints from field and chronological data of Permian arc-related volcano-sedimentary rocks. Tectonics 37, 1658–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, DF, Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF and Han, CM (2021) Provenance and tectonic setting of late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): implications for accretionary tectonics of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin 133, 253–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, SS and McDonough, WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In Magmatism in the Ocean Basins (eds Saunders, AD and Norry, MJ), pp. 313–45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 42.Google Scholar
Sylvester, PJ (1998) Post-collisional strongly peraluminous granites. Lithos 45, 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, K (1990) Tectonic development of Paleozoic fold belts at the north margin of the Sino-Korean Craton. Tectonics 9, 249–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, SR and McLennan, SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. An examination of the geochemical record preserved in sedimentary rocks. Journal of Geology 94, 632–3.Google Scholar
Tian, ZH, Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF, Zhang, JE, Zhang, ZY and Song, DF (2017) Carboniferous rifted arcs leading to an archipelago of multiple arcs in the Beishan–Tianshan orogenic collages (NW China). International Journal of Earth Sciences 106, 2319–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topuz, G, Candan, O, Zack, T, Chen, F and Li, QL (2019) Origin and significance of Early Miocene high-potassium I-type granite plutonism in the East Anatolian plateau (the Taşlıçay intrusion). Lithos 348–349, 105210. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, SP, Foden, JD and Morrison, RS (1992) Derivation of some A-type magmas by fractionation of basaltic magma—an example from the Padthaway Ridge, South Australia. Lithos 28, 151–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T, Tong, Y, Zhang, L, Li, S, Huang, H, Zhang, JJ, Guo, L, Yang, QD, Hong, DW, Donskaya, T, Gladkochub, D and Tserendash, N (2017) Phanerozoic granitoids in the central and eastern parts of Central Asia and their tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 145, 368–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, ZJ, Xu, WL, Pei, FP, Wang, ZW, Li, Y and Cao, HH (2015) Geochronology and geochemistry of middle Permian-Middle Triassic intrusive rocks from central-eastern Jilin Province, NE China: constraints on the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Lithos 238, 13–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, TY, Wang, SZ and Wang, JR (1994) The Formation and Evolution of Paleozoic Continental Crust in Alaxa Region. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Watson, EB and Harrison, TM (1983) Zircon saturation revisited: temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 64, 295–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whalen, JB, Currie, KL and Chappell, BW (1987) A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedenbeck, M, Alle, P, Corfu, F, Griffin, WL, Meier, M, Oberli, F, von Quadt, A, Roddick, JC and Speigel, W (1995) Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, trace and REE analyses. Geostandards Newsletter 19, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilhem, C, Windley, BF and Stampfli, GM (2012) The Altaids of Central Asia: a tectonic and evolutionary innovative review. Earth-Science Reviews 13, 303–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis. London: Chapman & Hall, 466 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windley, BF, Alexeiev, D, Xiao, WJ, Kröer, A and Badarch, G (2007) Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of the Geological Society, London 164, 31–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, MB and Wyllie, PJ (1994) Dehydration-melting of amphibolite at 10 kbar: the effects of temperature and time. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 115, 369–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, TR and He, GQ (1992) Ophiolitic melange belts in the northern margin of the Alxa Block. Geoscience 6, 286–96 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wu, TR and He, GQ (1993) Tectonic units and their fundamental characteristics on the northern margin of the Alxa block. Acta Geologica Sinica 6, 373–85.Google Scholar
Wu, TR, He, GQ and Zhang, C (1998) On Palaeozoic tectonics in the Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 72, 256–63.Google Scholar
Wu, FY, Li, XH, Zheng, YF and Gao, S (2007) Lu-Hf isotopic systematics and their applications in petrology. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 185–20 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wu, FY, Liu, XC, Liu, ZC, Wang, RC, Xie, L, Wang, JM, Ji, WQ, Yang, L, Liu, C, Khanal, GP and He, SX (2020) Highly fractionated Himalayan leucogranites and associated rare metal mineralization. Lithos 352–353, 105319. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF, Allen, MB and Han, CM (2013) Paleozoic multiple accretionary and collisional tectonics of the Chinese Tianshan orogenic collage. Gondwana Research 23, 1316–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF, Han, CM, Liu, W, Wan, B, Zhang, JE, Ao, SJ, Zhang, ZY and Song, DF (2018) Late Paleozoic to early Triassic multiple roll-back and oroclinal bending of the Mongolia collage in Central Asia. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 94–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF, Huang, BC, Han, CM, Yuan, C, Chen, HL, Sun, M, Sun, S and Li, JL (2009) End-Permian to mid-Triassic termination of the accretionary processes of the southern Altaids: implications for the geodynamic evolution, Phanerozoic continental growth, and metallogeny of Central Asia. International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, 1189–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, WJ, Windley, B, Sun, S, Li, JL, Huang, BC, Han, CM, Yuan, C, Sun, M and Chen, HL (2015) A tale of amalgamation of three Permo-Triassic collage systems in Central Asia: oroclines, sutures, and terminal accretion. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 43, 477–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, FQ, Wang, LD, Li, Q, Shi, CX, Chen, XB and Wei, A (2015) Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of granites from the Southeastern Zongnai Mountain Alax and its geochemical characteristics. Rock and Mineral Analysis 34, 375–82 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xie, FQ, Wu, JH, Sun, YH, Wang, LD, Wu, JZ and Jia, WJ (2021) Permian to Triassic tectonic evolution of the Alxa Tectonic Belt, NW China: constraints from petrogenesis and geochronology of felsic intrusions. Lithos 384–385, 105980. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.105980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, L, Yin, HQ, Zhou, HR and Zhang, WJ (2014) Permian radiolarians from the Engeerwusu suture zone in Alxa area of Inner Mongolia and its geological significance. Geological Bulletin of China 33, 691–7 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xu, B, Charvet, J, Chen, Y, Zhao, P and Shi, G (2013) Middle Paleozoic convergent orogenic belts in western Inner Mongolia (China): framework, kinematics, geochronology and implications for tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Gondwana Research 23, 1342–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, XY, Li, RS, Chen, JL, Ma, ZP, Li, ZP, Wang, HL, Bai, JK and Tang, Z (2014) New constrains on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Xinjiang area. Acta Petrologica Sinica 30, 1521–34.Google Scholar
Xu, DZ, Zhang, WJ, Zhou, HT and Sun, QK (2014) Characteristics, zircon dating and tectonic significance of the gabbros along the north-central segments of the Alxa Block, Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China 33, 661–71 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yang, QD, Zhang, L, Wang, T, Shi, XJ, Zhang, JJ, Tong, Y, Guo, L and Geng, JZ (2014) Geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of Late Carboniferous Shalazhashan pluton on the northern margin of the Alxa Block, Inner Mongolia and their implications. Geological Bulletin of China 33, 776–87 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Ye, K, Zhang, L, Wang, T, Shi, XJ, Zhang, JJ and Liu, C (2016) Geochronology, geochemistry and zircon Hf isotope of the Permian intermediate acid igneous rocks from the Yabulai Mountain in western Alxa, Inner Mongolia, and their tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 35, 901–28 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yin, HQ, Zhou, HR, Zhang, WJ, Zheng, XM and Wang, SY (2016) Late Carboniferous to early Permian sedimentary–tectonic evolution of the north of Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China: evidence from the Amushan Formation. Geoscience Frontiers 7, 733–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yomeun, BS, Wang, W, Tchouankoue, JP, Kamani, MSK, Ndofack, KIA, Huang, SF, Basua, EAA, Lu, GM and Xue, EK (2022) Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Neoproterozoic I-type granitoids and orthogneisses in the Goa-Mandja area, Central African Fold Belt (Cameroon). Lithos 420-421, 106700. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, SH (2019) Geological characteristics and later reformation of the Permo-Carboniferous basin in Yingen-Ejina area, NW China. Ph.D. thesis, Northwest University, Xi’an, China. Published thesis.Google Scholar
Zhang, DH, Huang, B, Zhao, J, Meert, JG, Zhang, Y, Liang, YL, Bai, QH and Zhou, TH (2018) Permian paleogeography of the Eastern CAOB: paleomagnetic constraints from volcanic rocks in Central Eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123, 2559–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, ZP, Liu, G, Xu, C, Meng, QT and Guo, C (2016) Geochemical characteristics and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Late Permian granites in the Tamusu area of Alxa Right Banner, Inner Mongolia and their implications. Geology and Exploration 52, 893–909 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Pease, V, Meng, QP, Zheng, RG, Thomsen, TB, Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, C and Wu, TR (2015) Timing, petrogenesis, and setting of granites from the southern Beishan late Palaeozoic granitic belt, Northwest China and implications for their tectonic evolution. International Geology Review 57, 1975–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W, Pease, V, Meng, QP, Zheng, RG, Thomsen, TB, Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, C and Wu, TR (2016) Discovery of a Neoproterozoic granite in the northern Alxa region, NW China: its age, petrogenesis and tectonic significance. Geological Magazine 153, 512–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W, Pease, V, Meng, QP, Zheng, RG, Wu, TR, Chen, Y and Gan, LS (2017) Age and petrogenesis of late Paleozoic granites from the northernmost Alxa region, Northwest China, and implications for the tectonic evolution of the region. International Journal of Earth Sciences 106, 79–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JJ, Wang, T, Zhang, L, Tong, Y, Zhang, ZC, Shi, XJ, Guo, L, Huang, H, Yang, QD, Huang, W, Zhao, JX, Ye, K and Hou, JY (2015) Tracking deep crust by zircon xenocrysts within igneous rocks from the northern Alxa, China: constraints on the southern boundary of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 108, 150–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W, Wu, TR, Feng, JC, Zheng, RG and He, YK (2013) Time constraints for the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Northern Alxa Region: evidence from Wuliji granites. Science China Earth Sciences 56, 153–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, YQ and Zhang, T (2016) Amushan Formation in Inner Mongolia. Geology in China 43, 1000–15 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, XR, Zhao, GC, Eizenhöfer, PR, Sun, M, Han, YG, Hou, WZ, Liu, DX, Wang, B, Liu, Q and Xu, B (2015a) Paleozoic magmatism and metamorphism in the Central Tianshan block revealed by U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope studies of detrital zircons from the South Tianshan belt, NW China. Lithos 233, 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, XR, Zhao, GC, Eizenhöfer, PR, Sun, M, Han, YG, Hou, WZ, Liu, DX, Wang, B, Liu, Q and Xu, B (2015b) Latest Carboniferous closure of the Junggar Ocean constrained by geochemical and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data of granitic gneisses from the Central Tianshan block, NW China. Lithos 238, 26–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z, Zhou, G, Kusky, TM, Yan, S, Chen, B and Zhao, L (2009) Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: major and trace element characteristics, Sr-Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution. Gondwana Research 16, 201–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, ZL, Li, JJ, Dang, ZC, Tang, WL, Fu, C, Wang, SG, Liu, LS, Zhao, LJ and Liu, XX (2016) TIMS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of Salazha Mountain granites from the North Margin of Alxa, Inner Mongolia, and its tectonic implications. Geological Bulletin of China 35, 599–604 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, YL, Li, W, Wen, QB, Liang, CY, Feng, ZQ, Zhou, JP and Shen, L (2016) Late Paleozoic tectonic framework of eastern Inner Mongolia: evidence from the detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Mid-late Permian to Early Triassic sandstones. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32, 2807–22 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, XC, Liu, CY, Wang, JQ, Zhang, SH and Guan, YZ (2020) Geochemistry, geochronology and Hf isotope of granitoids in the northern Alxa region: implications for the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 1711–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y, Sun, Y, Diwu, CR, Zhu, T, Ao, WH, Zhang, H and Yan, JH (2017) Paleozoic intrusive rocks from the Dunhuang tectonic belt, NW China: constraints on the tectonic evolution of the southernmost Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 138, 562–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, GC, Wang, YJ, Huang, BC, Dong, YP, Li, SZ, Zhang, GW and Yu, S (2018) Geological reconstructions of the East Asian blocks: from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Pangea. Earth-Science Reviews 186, 262–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, P, Xu, B and Zhang, C (2017) A rift system in southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: constraint from sedimentological, geochronological and geochemical investigations of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian strata in northern Inner Mongolia (China). Gondwana Research 47, 342–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, B, Han, BF, Liu, B and Wang, ZZ (2019) Ediacaran to Paleozoic magmatism in West Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China, and implications for evolution of Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Lithos 338–339, 111–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, RG, Li, JY, Xiao, WJ, Liu, JF and Wu, TR (2016) Discovery of Silurian pluton in the Enger Us region in the northern margin of Alxa Block. Acta Geologica Sinica 80, 1725–36 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zheng, RG, Wu, TR, Zhang, W, Xu, C, Meng, QP and Zhang, ZY (2014) Late Paleozoic subduction system in the northern margin of the Alxa block, Altaids: geochronological and geochemical evidences from ophiolites. Gondwana Research 25, 842–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, RZ, Lai, SC, Qin, JF and Zhao, SW (2018) Petrogenesis of late Paleozoic-to-early Mesozoic granitoids and metagabbroic rocks of the Tengchong block, SW China: implications for the evolution of the eastern paleo-Tethys. International Journal of Earth Sciences 107, 431–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Y, Lai, SC, Qin, JF, Zhu, RZ, Zhang, FY and Zhang, ZZ (2018) Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes of the 780 Ma I-type granites in the western Yangtze Block: petrogenesis and crustal evolution. International Geology Review 61, 1222–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary material

Table S3

Download Zhao et al. supplementary material(File)
File 152.1 KB
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary material

Table S2

Download Zhao et al. supplementary material(File)
File 114.7 KB
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary material

Table S1

Download Zhao et al. supplementary material(File)
File 101.9 KB
Supplementary material: File

Zhao et al. supplementary material

Table S4

Download Zhao et al. supplementary material(File)
File 96.3 KB