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Tokoro Belt (NE Hokkaido): an exhumed, Jurassic – Early Cretaceous seamount in the Late Cretaceous accretionary prism of northern Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2019

Shunta Sakai Open the ORCID record for Shunta Sakai [Opens in a new window] ,
Naoto Hirano Open the ORCID record for Naoto Hirano [Opens in a new window] ,
Yildirim Dilek Open the ORCID record for Yildirim Dilek [Opens in a new window] ,
Shiki Machida ,
Kazutaka Yasukawa  and
Yasuhiro Kato
Shunta Sakai*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Naoto Hirano
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Kawauchi 41, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
Yildirim Dilek
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
Shiki Machida
Affiliation:
Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Kazutaka Yasukawa
Affiliation:
Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Yasuhiro Kato
Affiliation:
Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Shunta Sakai, Email: shunta.sakai.q6@dc.tohoku.ac.jp
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Abstract

The Tokoro Belt exposed in NE Hokkaido (Japan) represents part of a Late Cretaceous accretionary complex, which includes variously metamorphosed volcanic rocks that are interbedded with chert, lenticular limestone and some fore-arc sedimentary rocks. The Tokoro Belt is notably different from other Late Cretaceous accretionary complexes around the Pacific Rim because of widespread occurrence of basalts and volcaniclastic rocks in it. The Nikoro Group, characterized by widespread occurrence of volcanic rocks, is divided into western, eastern and southern sections based on the internal structure, geochemical affinities and metamorphic grades of their volcanic lithologies. OIB (ocean island basalt)-type volcanic rocks with low-grade metamorphic overprint predominate in the western and southern sections, whereas MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt)- and OIA (ocean island alkaline basalt)-type rocks in the eastern section with partly high-pressure metamorphism make up the northern part of the eastern section. Trace element patterns display transitional trends from MORB to OIA geochemical affinities. OIB-type rocks display trace element characteristics similar to those of shield volcano lavas on Hawaii, rather than small and mainly alkaline, Polynesian hotspot lavas; furthermore, they show significant HREE (heavy rare earth element) enrichment probably caused by plume–ridge interaction. Widespread OIBs in the Tokoro Belt represents tectonic slices of a large (>80 km wide) Hawaiian-style, seamount shield volcano on the Izanagi oceanic plate that was accreted into the continental margin of Far East Asia in the Late Cretaceous.

Keywords

Tokoro BeltHokkaido-JapanCretaceous accretionary prismocean island basalt (OIB)plume–ridge interactionseamount accretion
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Special Issue 1: Subduction zone processes and crustal growth mechanisms at Pacific-Rim continental margins: modern and ancient analogues , January 2021 , pp. 72 - 83
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

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