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Miocene to sub-Recent magmatism at the intersection between the Dead Sea Transform and the Ash Shaam volcanic field: evidence from the Yarmouk River gorge and vicinity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2021

Amit Segev Open the ORCID record for Amit Segev [Opens in a new window] ,
Itay J. Reznik  and
Uri Schattner Open the ORCID record for Uri Schattner [Opens in a new window]
Amit Segev*
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz St, Jerusalem 9692100, Israel
Itay J. Reznik
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz St, Jerusalem 9692100, Israel
Uri Schattner
Affiliation:
Dr Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
*
Author for correspondence: Amit Segev, Email: amit.segev@gsi.gov.il
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Abstract

The Yarmouk River gorge extends along the Israel–Jordan–Syria border junction. It marks the southern bound of the Irbid–Azraq rift and Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic field at their intersection with the younger Dead Sea Transform plate boundary. During the last ∼13 Ma, the gorge has repeatedly accumulated basaltic units, chronologically named the Lower, Cover, Yarmouk and Raqqad Basalt formations. We examined their origin and distribution through aerial photos, and geological and geophysical evidence. Our results define a southern Golan magmatic province, which includes exposed Miocene (∼13 Ma) basalts, gabbro–diabase intrusions below the gorge and the adjacent Dead Sea Transform valley, and numerous Pliocene–Pleistocene volcanic sources along the gorge. Cover Basalt (∼5.0–4.3 Ma) eruptions formed two adjacent 0–100 m thick plateaus on the transform shoulder before flowing downslope to fill the topographically lower Dead Sea Transform valley with ∼700 m thick basalts. Later incision of the Yarmouk River and displacement along its associated fault divided the plateaus and formed the gorge. The younger Yarmouk (0.8–0.6 Ma) and Raqqad (0.2–0.1 Ma) basalts erupted in the upper part of the gorge from volcanos reported here, and flowed downstream toward the Dead Sea Transform valley. Consequently, eruptions from six phreatic volcanic vents altered the Yarmouk River morphology from sinuous to meandering. Our results associate the ∼13 Ma long southern Golan volcanism with the proposed SW-trending extensional Yarmouk Fault, located east of the Dead Sea Transform. Hence, the Yarmouk volcanism is associated with the ongoing Harrat Ash Shaam activity, which is not directly linked to the displacement along the Dead Sea Transform.

Keywords

intraplate volcanismcontinental transformDead Sea TransformHarrat Ash ShaamGolanGalileeYarmouk Rivervolcanismalkali basalt
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 4 , April 2022 , pp. 469 - 493
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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