1. 1. Diagnosis and a degree of intensification of PTSD were based on C.G. Watson's at al. PTSD-Interview.

2. 2. Semi-structured interview was completed by 104 women to assess risk factors of PTSD (social, demographic and clinic).

The examined group consisted of 104 women at the age between 18 and 68 years, the average age 40,8 years; dwelling in the shelters for single mothers and domestic violence victims and out-patients of psychiatric ambulatory.

75,6% of women who are victims of interpersonal violence had significant, very significant or extreme increase of occurrence of PTSD symptoms. PTSD severity was associated with lower level of education and sexual violence.

Victims of interpersonal violence are inherently at risk of PTSD. Lower level of education and sexual type of interpersonal violence are risk factors of severity PTSD.

Perinatal depression is a particolar challenge to clinicians, and its prevalence estimates are difficult to compare across studies. Furthermore,there are no studies that systematically assessed the incidence of perinatal depression. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, incidence, recurrence and new onset of DSM IV minor and major depression (mMD) in an unselected population of pregnant women.

1066 pregnant women were recruited at third month of pregnancy (T0), and minor/major depression (mMD) was assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV disorders (SCID I). The SCID I was administered at baseline evaluation (T0), the Edimburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered at third, 6th (T1), 8th (T2) month of pregnancy, and the SCID I Mood module was administered to confirme an eventual DSM-IV minor or major depression diagnosis when the EPDS score was≥13.

The pregnancy period prevalence of mMD was 12,4%.The point prevalence of mMD decreased from 8,6% at the 3rd month of pregnancy to 1,7% at the 8th month of pregnancy.The cumulative incidence of mMD was 2,2%. The weighted incidence of new onsets during pregnancy was 1,6%. The weighted percentage of recurrences during pregnancy was 3,7%.

The decline in the point prevalence during the second and third trimester of pregnancy found in our study may be attributed to psychological counselling and/or pharmacological treatment.Further studies about new onsets of depression during pregnancy are highly important in order to improve clinical prediction of risk in any individual woman.

The future of a society depends on children's health. Children's growth and health is directly influenced with mother's health. This study has targeted on defining and comparison of maternal health of mother's with low birth and premature with the one of mothers with term infants.

This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 200 mothers with low birth and premature infants selected by target focused sampling. The date we are collated related to maternal health concerning weight, age, smoking, taken drugs pre delivery weight, times of pregnancy, anxiety due to crisis and maternal health care.

The findings related to frequency distribution of maternal health of mothers with low birth and premature infants compared with the ones with term infants showed that there was a significant difference between mothers with low birth and premature infants in age group of 15 to 19 years of age and mothers with term infants aged between 20 to 24 years.

The findings related to mothers weigh before pregnancy showed that there was not a significant difference between most of the mothers with low birth and premature infants aged between 45 to 54weight years and mothers with term infants of birth than105kg (P< 0/01,). Regarding maternal health in both groups there was a significant difference between taken drugs and duration and dosage, maternal health and anxiety and restlessness.

Mothers play a major role in care of children and their own mental health influences their children physical and mental health.

Dissociative fugue is one or more episodes of amnesia. It is a rare condition in which a person suddenly, without planning or warning, travels from home or work and leave behind past life and identity.The aim is to present a patient with such disorder.

In this paper is present the case of Joka K, from M.Grad. She is married, mother of two child. She lives in joint household with a father in law who is authoritative person. Her brother-in-law lives in the ground floor. Her housband, is the youngest of eight children. Systemic family therapy was aplied and the plan of work was produced- 1. Moral and ethical norms in family 2.Loyalitiy to the family of origin 3.Incomplete grieving time following the death of mother and mother-in-law. 4.Expectations in terms of marriage 5.Different cultural views, traditions and family miths.6. Historicaly stipulated second line changes occuring one after another, with the absence of plato period.

The first sessions were attended by J., S. and J.s father, where the point of work was loss and loyality to the family origin. Differencies in cultural views between the families of origin examined in genogram session. Next sessions constitute an expansion of the genogramic session where the accent was placed on the family life cycle and historical sequence of second-line changes.

Implementation of the systemic family therapy, improved communication, established dialogs without breaking up the relation with the family of origin.

In a previous study women with long-term sequalae of child sexual abuse (CSA) were randomly assigned to analytic (Group A) or systemic group psychotherapy (Group S). Pre-post-analysis indicated that both therapies led to significant improvement, but overall Group S had significantly better outcome than Group A. As gains tended to rise in Group A during follow-up and decline in Group S, no statistically significant difference was detected in gains between the two treatment modalities after one year.

This study investigates if gains are maintained five year following termination, and if the groups differ in gains.

106 women started on allocated intervention. Psychological distress (GSI from SCL-90R), psycho-social functioning (GAF), and global life quality (GLQ), were assessed before and after treatment and one and five years following termination.

86 patients (81%) completed group therapy, 68 (64%) completed the one-year follow-up and 64 (60%) the five-year follow-up. At five year follow-up ANOVA was performed using treatment group as a between factor and the four time points as repeated measures. Intention to treat analysis demonstrated that improvement were significant on all measures (P < 0.000). Independent samples t-test on gains was NS for all measures.

Women with a history of CSA who were treated with Group A or Group S treatment maintained statistical significant improvement on GSI, GAF and GLQ five years post-treatment. No significant difference was found in gains between groups.

Depression is a global public health problem with highest rates in women in low income countries including Pakistan. There are no treatment trials from such countries comparing the efficacy of antidepressant treatment with a group psychological intervention.

We conducted a preliminary RCT in an urban primary care clinic in Karachi, Pakistan. Consecutive eligible women scoring > 12 on the CIS-R and > 18 on HDRS (n=66) were randomly assigned to antidepressant or group psychosocial treatment. The primary outcome measure was HDRS score; secondary outcome measures were disability and quality of life.

96% patients were assessed at 3 & 6 months after baseline. At 6 months response (50% reduction of HDRS score) occurred in 20 (60.6%) and 22(66.7%) of the psychosocial and antidepressant groups respectively. There was also significant reduction in disability and improvement in health related quality of life in both groups.

Low costs antidepressants and group psychosocial treatment on the principles of CBT merit further assessment as primary treatments for depression in low income countries.

This study was designed to provide information on prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in Greek nursery students.

Premenstrual symptoms of 125 students (18-22 years old) were assessed by the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). The PSST reflects and translates categorical DSM-IV criteria into a rating scale with degrees of severity. The premenstrual symptoms were examined over the course of one menstrual cycle.

The diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome was confirmed in 26 of 101 women (25.7%) who completed the questionnaire. Nine subjects (8.9%) met criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

This study indicates a significant prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in Greek nursery students. Given the associated impairment in social and occupational functioning seen in premenstrual disorders, these prevalence data provide a strong rationale for enhanced recognition and treatment of the disorders.

The social climate of a unit is an important feature in treatment outcomes (Moos 1974). The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES; Schalast et al 2008) has been developed specifically for forensic settings but research in secure settings for women has been limited.

To compare staff and patient perception of social climate and it's relationship to therapeutic alliance, motivation to change and level of disturbance across levels of security within a women's secure care pathway.

To assess the implications for therapeutic milieu and service development.

Questionnaire survey of staff and patients in 2 medium and 2 low secure units using; EssenCES (Shalast et al 2008); California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale (Mormar et al 1986); and Patient Motivation Inventory (PMI; Gudjonsson et al 2007).

Comparisons are made across levels of security, treatment programme, therapeutic alliance, patient motivation and disturbed behaviour.

Social climate varied between levels of security and was also found to co vary with perceived therapeutic alliance and patient motivation to change. Differences between staff and patient ratings along with treatment implications are discussed.

Measuring the social climate in a secure women's service is an important part of a wider assessment of the therapeutic milieu that has practical implications for the ongoing development of therapy services.

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it is associated with psychosocial and clinical obstetric factors. Despite being an important Public Health issue, there are few studies about this subject in Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for depression during pregnancy.

A Cross-sectional study of 331 pregnant women attending a public primary health service over a one-year period in Rio de Janeiro. Participants were interviewed about their socio-demographic status, obstetric/medical conditions, life events and violence during pregnancy. Depression was assessed through the Composite International Development Interview.

The 12-month prevalence of depression was 14.2% (CI 95% 10.7 - 18.5) and associated factors were: previous history of depression and any psychiatric treatment, unplanned pregnancy, serious physical illness and casual jobs.

These data emphasize the need for screening for depression and its risk factors during pregnancy in settings where care is available. Psychosocial interventions and social policies need to be implemented in this population

Types of mental attitude towards disease (TMAtD) of women after mastectomy.

Cases of 104 women after mastectomy for reason of breast cancer were studied, whereof 72 - after the radical cure (primary group) and 32 - after the partial cure (control group).

PQBRI (personality questionnaire of Bekhterev Research Institute) was used for typing mental attitude towards disease.

Ergopathic TMAtD was revealed with 16,7±3,7% of women from primary group and with 25±4,3% from control group; euphoric TMAtD - with 9,7±3,0% of primary group and 28,1±4,5% of control group; obsessive-phobic TMAtD - with 13,9±3,5% of primary group; vexatious TMAtD - with 20,8±4,1% of primary group and 9,4±2,9% of control group; anosognostic TMAtD - with 11,11±3,1% of primary group and 21,9±4,1% - of control group; neurasthenic TMAtD - with 6,9±2,5% of primary group; “paranoiac” TMAtD - with 11,11±3,1% of primary group; hypochondriacal TMAtD - 9,7±3,0% of primary group and 9,4±2,9% of control group; egocentric TMAtD - 6,3±2,4% of control group.

Among the patients of the primary group vexatious and hypochondriacally TMAtD have prevailed along with obsessive-phobic, paranoiac and neurasthenic TMAtD which occurred, and in the control group - euphoric, ergopathic and anosognostic type (p ≤ 0,05) occurred.

Disadapative TMAtD were observed among all women after mastectomy. Less disadaptative TMAtD were observed among the patients after partial mastectomy. Women after the radical surgery were diagnosed maximum pathological TMAtD. This should be considered at the elaboration of psycho-corrective measures for the given category of patients.

The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Palliative Medicine of the Kiev City Oncology Hospital from August 2008 to September 2009.The aim of the study was to identify the psychoemotional condition of women in the terminal stage of cancer and identify key factors that will influence the effectiveness of coping with the stressful situation.

Assessment tools: surveillance, clinical and diagnostic interview, objective psychometric scales and test methods to identify the studied trait. The data were subjected to quantitative analysis with subsequent qualitative interpretation and meaningful generalization.

It was examined 193 women with cancer diagnosed in the terminal stage of disease. For all patients were characterized by an aesthetic syndrome combined with depressed (34%), anxiety (47%), less hypochondriac (11%) manifestations of depending on personality traits and physical condition. We have identified the following factors that affect the effectiveness of coping with stress, the introduced disease: the ability to control the physical symptoms, especially pain, individual-typological personality characteristics of patients, on the presence of emotional supported by the family.

Coping behaviour was better in families of women, which practiced open communication about the illness, maintains the atmosphere of openness, the patient was actively involved in issues concerning the tactics of treatment, symptoms to monitor. Thus, family psychological counselling must be included in the program to help women with cancer in terminal stages of disease.

The of this study was to investigate the determinants of sexuality in a sample of 105 Serbian urban women aged 40-50.

The sample consisted of 3 groups: menopausal women without therapy; menopausal receiving hormone replacement therapy and non-menopausal women. Measures included Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women and Earlier Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Desire, arousal, activity and satisfaction were compared among groups using χ2 and C coefficient. Variables of special interest in the whole sample were correlated among each other.

No significant difference between groups was found in basic parameters of sexuality. Communication with partner was the most important factor correlated with basic parameters of sexuality in the total sample. Satisfaction with body image was in significant correlation with sexual desire, while earlier sexual functioning, desire and satisfaction were in negative correlation.

Results of pilot study suggest that determinants of sexuality in this sample of Serbian middle-aged urban women are psychosocial rather than hormonal. This may be important for clinical practice as well as further studies on female sexual dysfunction.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem in women that can adversely affect their quality of life.

In this survey the quality of life of the patients has been treated by hysterectomy and whom have received hormone therapy have been studied.

This is a descriptive and comparative clinical study in which 54 women have been treated due to AUB by hysterectomy and 54 women received hormone therapy because of the same reason completed the WHO questionnaire for life quality. Data then analyzed by independent t test, ANCOVA and Mann-Wittnei using SPSS software.

With regard to the total score of the questionnaire, there was no difference between two groups (61.77±9.30 for hysterectomy group vs. 65.36±7.32 for hormone group, P=0.34).On the other hand, considering the mental dimension score of the questionnaire, a significant difference was observed between groups (50.72±16.81 for hysterectomy group vs. 80.09±10.37 for hormone group, P=0.001)

This study demonstrates that at least mental aspects of quality of life are significantly better in the AUB patients treated by hormone therapy, comparing to those treated by hysterectomy. Education and counseling of the patients and their families may improve life quality in more cases.

Literature underlines that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was the most common measure to assess pregnancy and postpartum depression worldwide and suggests that the rate of false positive cases is high. Furthermore, the EPDS measures, but not distinguish between depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to value the ability of the Mood Spectrum Self Report Last Month (MOOD SR LM) to detect the rate of false positive obtained with EPDS

We recruited 81 pregnant women at the third month of pregnancy. 32 women were affected by Major Depression (MD) assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Diagnosis and 49 women had EPDS score ≥ 13 but didn’t reach the diagnosis of MD by SCID I(False posivite group). Women were administered with the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), MOOD SR-LM, Work and Social Adjustment Scale(WSAS) at the third month of pregnancy.

The two groups wasn't different concerning the average scores using PDPI and EPDS. The WSAS average scores were higher in the depressed women group than in the false positive group. Tree factors of MOOD SR LR (“Depressive Mood”, “Psychomotor Retardation and “Drug/Illness related Depression”) had higher average scores in the depressed women group than in the false positive group.

To our results, MOOD SR LM seem to be able to decrease the false positive cases. Further studies concerning this use of MOOD SR LM are necessary.

Preliminary studies providing evidence of the neuroprotective effect of SSRIs in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by improving the metabolic function of axons. The aim of this, open label, randomized, controlled, one year follow-up prospective study was to investigate the effect of escitalopram in the prevention of relapses in women with MS.

Forty eight ambulating women with relapsing-remitting MS were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of escitalopram per day (e-group, N=24) or to continued the study without medication as a control group (c-group, N=24). Neurological examination was performed, by the same neurologist, at baseline and at every regular (4 weeks) and additional visit after a suspect exacerbation.

During the study period 55 exacerbations occurred in 33/48 (68.7%) of the patients, and these were confirmed by the study neurologist. E- group patients’ present a mean of 0.8 (SD=0.8) and c-group patients’ a mean of 1.4 (SD=1.0) exacerbations per year. Patients treated with escitalopram present a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of MS relapses respect to the previous year (paired t-test, df=23, t=4.9, p< .001). There was no significant difference between the mean number of MS relapses during the year of the study and the previous year in c-group (paired t-test, df=23, t=-0.68, NS). The cumulative risk for relapse was 2.9 times higher for the controls than for escitalopram-treated patients (95% CI= 1.7- 5.1, p< .001).

This study provides evidence that escitalopram tends to decrease MS disease activity in women with MS.

To reveal presence of psychological problems which influence quality of a life in women.

210 persons of the female which age has made I8-50 years Have been surveyed. From them working 169 people (80,4%), idle - 41 people (19,5%).

Clinical questionnaire for revealing of neurotic conditions, method of colour elections Lusher; statistical method of research.

Mmore often others such complaints, as dream infringement, the irritability, the raised uneasiness, sensitivity, feeling of injustice are marked. Disputed interpersonal situations became most often psychoinjuring factor for clients, situations of humiliated own advantage, experience of cruel treatment comes from the childhood.

By the received results at 172 women (82%) various variants desadaptation have been revealed: clinically significant depression - 75% (129 people), the raised level of alarm - 56,3% (97 people), hysterical frustration - 20,3% (35 people), astenic - 58,7% (101 people), vegetative infringements - 89% (151 people), obsessiv-fobic frustration - 26,7% (46 people). On method of colour elections high level of uneasiness and an emotional pressure is diagnosed for 116 women (67,4%), working capacity decrease in 100% of cases (172 women). The others 38 clients (18%) - is marked norm (p≤0,01).

We have come to conclusion about necessity of creation of the psychocorrectional program and the psychopreventive help which will consist in increase stress stability, frustration tolerances, responsibility for the health, development sanogenic thinking, -relaksation and the corporally-focused programs which will be given as a method trening exessize, and individual consultations for the female population.

Use of electro convulsive therapy (ECT) in pregnancy has been a controversial issue for a while, and the data describing cases where ECT was utilized, is limited.

The study describes two cases with reference to presenting psychopathology, course of treatment, and previous strategies used. This is followed by a discussion of risks and benefits of ECT use in pregnancy as well as monitoring measures which help prevent negative outcome.

Two cases of treatment resistant depression during pregnancy are described. The details about treatment approaches used prior to consideration of ECT are provided.

ECT was considered as a last resort and both patients decided to undergo treatment. By the end of the intensive treatment course improvement of symptoms was noticed in both patients to a greater to lesser degree.

In cases when medication trials alone or even in combination with psychotherapy do not result in significant improvement of depressive symptoms, ECT may be used to maximize positive treatment result in pregnant population. It is an effective treatment for severe mental illness, however, proper monitoring system needs to be in place to minimize negative outcome for fetus and mother.