To investigate the prevalence of non-fatal suicide behaviors (NFSBs) among patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward in Bologna, Northern Italy.

30 attempters (mean age 45.10±16.12 years) consecutively hospitalized (May-July 2009) were compared to 117 controls randomly selected among patients admitted in the same ward for other reasons than NFSBs. Socio-demographical and clinical information were collected through the retrospective consultation of case-histories. Attempters were clinically interviewed and the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) was administered. Clinical diagnoses were achieved using the International Classification of Disease-10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria. Associations between non-fatal suicide behaviors and covariates were evaluated by logistic regression analyses, estimating Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Cases were more often women (63.3%), Italians (83.3%), unemployed (63.3%) and had a lower education (70.8%) than controls. Among attempters, most frequent diagnoses were personality disorders (56.7%) and mood disorders (50%); the 56.7% of cases was affected by concomitant organic disease (OR compared to controls:2.58; 95%CI=1.13-5.85). Stressful life-events were three-fold more frequent in cases than in controls; incongruous drugs assumption was the most common suicidal behaviours. A previous NFSB was highly prevalent in cases (46.7% p< 0.001) with a significantly association (OR:9.01; 95%CI=3.42-23.71) independent from socio-demographic features and diagnoses. SIS mean score was 11.6 ± 7.3 (low intention=53.3%, moderate intention=40%, high intention=6.7%. Increasing intention was associated with a longer duration of hospitalisation (p=0.005).

NFSBs are associated with distinct socio-demographic and clinical profiles. Routine assessment of intentionality might help to identify subjects at higher risk of relapse.

A monitoring project within the framework of EU supported MONSUE multicentre study on suicidal behaviour has been performed in Pecs catchment area.

To register and statistically analyze all suicide attempts, thus to explore current trends and consequences.

Detailed and complete data registration (epidemiologic, socio-demographic, socio-economic, previous attempts, methods, psychiatric diagnoses) of all suicide attempts was carried out in the region for two years from 2007 to 2009. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 17.0 to compare our results both with those of the previous study in 1999 and with the national data.

According to the Hungarian National Statistic Office 2500 suicides occurred in 2008, the population rate is 24.7/100000 inhabitants (40.1/100000 males, 10.7/100.000 females). The most common method for suicide was strangulation in both genders (male: 69.2%, female: 41%). The rate of self-poisoning was higher in females. Regarding suicide attempts we registered 993 cases during the two-year period (males: 41.7%, mean age 38.43 years; females: 58.3%, mean age 42.02 years), which corresponds to former rates. Female attempters were more likely repeaters (60% vs. 40%). The most often used method for suicide attempt was self-poisoning (females 81.9%, males 63.4%) and scarification (females 8.6%, males 21.1%).

These results suggest that the rates of completed suicides decreased significantly to three quarter compared to the rates in the ‘90s, but in contrary suicide attempts show an increasing tendency. The potential explanations are discussed, including restriction of lethal methods, health care changes and the role of prevention strategies.

Suicide has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in adolescents and young adults worldwide and has been identified as one of the key mental health problems affecting students. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among nursing students in Greece.

A total of 142 nursing students of the Department of Nursing of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki agreed to participate in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) was administered. Question 9 of the scale was evaluated to examine suicidal tendency.

43.9% of the students experienced depressive symptoms. The mean scores on the BDI were higher in year 1 and 3, while the lowest score was observed in year 2. The evaluation of suicidal ideation per year of studies indicated that the percentage of students who thought of suicide but wouldn’t commit it were mainly in the first or in the last (graduate) years. 88% of our total sample reported never having thoughts of suicide. Significant differences on the basis of gender were observed concerning suicidal thoughts, without actually carrying it out (males>females).

The stressors in nursing education have been consistently acknowledged in the literature. In our sample can be assumed that 2nd year students are more adjusted to the demands of their studies and appear more confident about their choice. Higher levels observed in the last study years are maybe the result of student worries about their professional future.

The aims of the two pieces of work are to study wheter any differences exist in the rates and characteristics of suicide by ethnicity, sex and alcohol abuse in South Tyrol, Italy.

Psychological autopsy interviews were conducted for suicides who died between March 1997 and July 2006.

332 individuals belonging to the three major South Tyrolean ethnic groups (Germans, Italians and Ladins, who speak a Rhaeto-Romance language) died by suicide.

Germans were 1,37 times more at risk to commit suicide than Italians (95% CI 1.04/1.80; z=2.26, p< .05). 69% of the suicides had attended school for less than 8 years, and Germans (OR 4,62; 955 CI:2.52/8.47; p< .001) were more likely to have lower education than Italians. A further comparison of 267 male victims with and without alcohol abuse in their history evidenced that alcohol abusers were 3,5 times more likely to have low educational attainment, 4,22 times more likely to have been unemployed or have employment instability and 2.29 times more likely to have job security than male suicides without alcohol use disorders.

The study indicates that suicide, an alarming health problem in South Tyrol, may require different preventive interventions for men and women, for those of different ethnicities and for people with and without alcohol use disorder.

High suicide and homicide rates in Russia and its profound fluctuation over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. There is growing evidence that binge drinking pattern increasing the propensity for the alcohol-related suicide and lethal violence. In line with this evidence we assume that higher level of vodka consumption in conjunction with binge drinking pattern results in close aggregate-level association between vodka sale and suicide/homicide in Russia.

To test this hypothesis trends in beverage-specific alcohol sale per capita and suicide/homicide rates from 1970 to 2005 in Russia were analyzed employing ARIMA time series analysis.

The rate of suicide and homicide tend to be more responsive to changes in distilled spirits consumption per capita than to the total level of alcohol consumption. The results of time series analysis suggest that a 1 litre increase in vodka sale is expected to increase suicide rate by 9.3% for men and by 6% for women and homicide rate by 15.2% for men and by 13.4% for women.

Assuming that drinking spirits is usually associated with intoxication episodes, these findings provide additional evidence that drinking pattern is important determinant in the alcohol-suicide and alcohol-homicide relationship. The outcomes of this study also provide support for the hypothesis that suicide and alcohol are closely connected in culture were intoxication-oriented drinking pattern prevails and adds to the growing body of evidence that alcohol plaid a crucial role in the fluctuation in suicide mortality rate in Russia during the last decades.

Suicide is one of the leading external causes of death worldwide. The alarming increase in the occurrence of suicide in Belarus in recent years has resulted in the country having one of the highest suicide rates in the world. It is well recognized that both acute and chronic alcohol use are among the major behaviorally modifiable factors that are associated with suicidal behavior. Several studies have reported relatively high proportion of suicide cases positive for blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

The present study was designed to collect data on BAC-positive suicides in Belarus.

This study was based on the official autopsy reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine. The sample consisted of 1135 male subjects (76.3%) and 356 female subjects (23.7%).

In the present study 61% of males and 30.6% of females were BAC-positive at the time of death. It should be noted that the proportion of BAC-positive suicide in Belarus is among the highest in the world. Positive blood alcohol cases were found more frequently in men age 30-59 (66%) and women age 19-39 (48%). The average BAC was 2.2 ± 0.004 g/dL for males and 2.1 ± 0.005 for females.

In this study, substantial percentages of suicide victims tested positive for alcohol. These results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that acute alcohol intoxication may function as an important effect modifier to the act of suicide. The outcome of this study also suggests that alcohol-related suicide is mainly a male phenomenon.

Suicide risk is greatly increased in schizophrenia. Our study aim was to investigate interactional factors related to the recognition of suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia.

This case-control study focused on 66 schizophrenia patients who had committed suicide Study methods included in-depth interviews of next of kin and interviews of patients that had been saved from suicide and perfect information and statistics were extracted from patient's files and documents in fatemi hospital and analyzed by chi-square.

Studies show the most prevalence of disease is in male, citizens, single persons, uncaptioned and the average age was in the mid-thirties. Most participants had an under high school diploma, (56/1%). Almost 60/6% of the sample had a history of a previous depression, undifferentiated type of schizophrenia, previous anti socials acts (56/1%) According to the findings most participants (81/8%) had no precedence of being imprisoned. we survey the declared assumptions of the research and study the presence of any relation or lack of it between variable factors

Our findings suggest Prevention of suicide in schizophrenia is likely to result from treatment of affective symptoms, improving adherence to treatment, and maintaining special vigilance in patients with risk factors,

Suicide is a tragic occurrence that is the end choice for attempter suicide, with due attention to our personal society is going to modernization attempt to suicide is increasing, and then we want to study about agents and causes of this tragic event.

The way of work and research was done in the case of descriptive studying. Information and statistics were extracted from files and documents in Fatemi Hospital and Analyzed and studied by Chi-square.

The results of the research that from the patients, 18.42% attempted to suicide or self-mutilation. Studies show that more prevalence of attempt was in,male gender(58.6%) and young peoples (37.1%), citizen(55.7%), schizophrenic patients(31.4%) and single persons (49.3%) and individuals with middle level of education and economic situation(53.1%); and most of the patients were drug abusers (60%). the more stimulant that patients were described was grief and indignation and depression(88.6%). Spring the more season was attempted to suicide(37.1%).

Our findings suggest Prevention of suicide in schizophrenia is likely to result from treatment of affective symptoms, improving adherence to treatment, and maintaining special vigilance in patients with risk factors, These findings reveal that despite recent increases to the study of suicide by social work researchers, they have contributed limited evidenced based knowledge in the last twenty-six years on the treatment or prevention of suicide or suicide-related behaviors. The article outlines the risk factors for suicide and discusses the implications for clinical social work practice and research.

Different types of marital status are associated with elevated/decreased suicidal risk.

The aim of this research was to study marital status change and the effect of its recency in relation to suicidal behaviour.

Suicide victims (1614) in Slovenia and matched controls (4617) were compared for incidence and recency of marital status change during the last five years in their lives.

10.7% of suicide victims have had a marital status change in the last 5 years as compared to 5.6% of the controls. Becoming widowed and getting divorced proved to be a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. 45,7% of all marital status changes in suicide victims occurred in the last year prior to suicide, whereas marital status changes in the control group were equally distributed over the five years. Recency of marital status change significantly affected suicide risk in interaction with age and type of change: The increase in the risk was much higher for recently married than for the recently divorced or widowed people.

Becoming widowed or divorced represents a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. The first year after the change is critical for elevated suicidal risk, in particular for the supposedly positive change of getting married.

Suicide is a complex phenomenon accounting for 1 million deaths per year. This study aims to assess the profiles of those individuals at a higher risk for suicide, which may be of help to clinicians while evaluating patients.

A sample of 30.000 suicides belonging to two age-bands, i.e. 18 to 24 and over-45s, was analysed and compared with respect to the gender, fatality of the act, season, the reason for it, the time and methods employed. Data were provided by ISTAT records and concern completed and attempted suicides in Italy from 2001-2008.

Males are at a higher risk with a higher lethality of the acts in both age bands. The younger age band is at higher risk from March to June and in January especially in the evening, whereas the older age-band from March to June especially in the morning with a higher fatality rate. Unknown reasons are the most common cause for suicide followed by mental illnesses in both age-bands. Hanging is the most common method, followed by jumping from high places in both age-bands. Charcoal - intoxication is more common in the young age-band, whereas fire-arms and drowning in the over-45 age-band.

Although the two identified profiles are quite general, they can be an adequate basis for public health officials and mental health professionals to early identify those individuals at a higher risk for suicide. Further studies are needed for a better definition of the profiles.

Suicide is a major public health problem, one of the leading causes of death and one of the first causes of years of life lost. It is a voluntary act that can be carried out by men and women, children and adults, rich and poor, people of every race and religion.

The aim of this text is to outline the most popular suicides and briefly discuss the representation of suicide in art. Painters such as Vincent Van Gogh, Edvard Munch, Jackson Pollock, musicians as Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, the actresses Lupe Vélez, Carole Landis, Pier Angeli, Capucine, Marylin Monroe, Lucy Gordon and the actors Heath Ledger and Freddie Prinze decided the end of their lives in different ways and at different stages.

In the literary field, we find the world renowned suicides of Socrates, Seneca and Caton. Other famous and more recent suicidal writers are Ernest Hemingway, Dylan Thomas, Virginia Woolf, Yukio Mishima, Alfonsina Stormi and Cesare Pavese among others.

Suicide has been represented in several plays and operas, not only people of flesh and blood kill themselves but also fictional characters. the love-death of Liu in Turandot and Tosca in the opera of the same name Are noteworthy, both were composed by Giacomo Puccini. In Hamlet, tragedy written by William Shakespeare, is Ophelia who dies drowning at the sea.

This paper describes the findings from cases of Iranian children between the age of 6-15 who were attempted suicide.

This retrospective study was carried out using data from 292 cases (239 girls and 53 boys) aged 6-15 who attempted suicide and were referred to the Loghman Hakim Medical Centre poison Centre in Tehran, Iran between 2005 and 2008. The Children Suicide Questionnaire was applied.

The study showed that the percentage of girls who attempted suicide was 81.8% against 12.2% for boys. Most of them attempted suicide between the age of12-14 years. Approximately half (43%) of the children came from a poor socio-economic background, and 95% of suicide attempts took place in the home, and 55.5% between 6.00pm and 12.00 pm. 41% of the respondents reported cases of mental illness in their family. The study also showed that41.6% of the children had attempted suicide before, and 36.6% of them attempted suicide after a family argument.. Depression (28%) and epilepsy(27%) were the most cited cases of personal problems. The means used were antiepileptic drugs (23%), benzodiazepine (23%), and antidepressants (20%).

This study suggests the collaboration between paediatricians, psychiatrists and psychologists are necessary.

To implement regional community-based four-level programmes with the aim of improving the care of depressed patients and to reduce suicidality in different European countries.

The interventions took place on four different levels complementary to each other: (1) educating general practitioners in recognizing and treating depression, (2) raising public awareness for depression (3) training community facilitators (such as priests, social workers, or teachers) about depression, and (4) offering support to high risk groups. In two project phases 17 EAAD partners a) established first a local Alliance Against Depression with the described 4-level approach and then b) started to extend the activities to other regions in the respective countries.

The EAAD strategy and actions largely base on the results and experiences from the “Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression” that showed a significant reduction (−24%) of suicidal acts. Evaluation within EAAD showed that EAAD material can be readily adapted to different cultures. The strong bottom-up approach helps community members to identify with the local alliance against depression and this boosts motivation and civil commitment as well as self-help. EAAD intervention is also well accepted by the partners as well as the public which can be shown in positive echoes from the media and in ongoing requests for being supported by EAAD in implementing their own local alliance against depression.

EAAD's 4-level approach reduces suicidal acts and can be implemented across a range of different countries (with different health care systems) with and within different local contexts.

women depressive patients constitutes a siezable no. in a rural psyciatry clinic in a Disrtrict HQTRs towen of Midnapore 126 k.m away from the state capital of Kolkata.

Among 156 depressed patients inthe age group of 21-55 with a median age of 33 years only a few seldom speaks of low spirit or lack of pleasure.Different somatic pains & other somatic complaints remain their principal presenting symptoms.

Here is an enlisting of such varried somatic complaints in depressed women.

Awareness of such chronic bodily complaint as the presenting feature will remind us of depression in women.

156 women in the said 21-55 years age group those were diagonosed as MDD or depressive disorder as per DSM-4 criteria were taken for their symptoms analysis.There were 118 married, 18 unmarried &12 widows &8 separated or divorcedwomen. They were illetarate 23,junior scool 98,Higschool 14,graduate 22,posgraduate &above7.Married women mostly have children ranging from 1-6 except 3infertile women & one issue mother was abundant(>25%).

Theiremost common chief presenting complaint were headpain, head discomfort &burning(>80%), neckpain, pain in lower extremeties(30%), in joints,in genital areas, rectal pain,hyperacidity, dyspepsia, hearburn,chestpain & discomfort,throat trouble,buning pain over the skin,with biological symptoms like sleep disturbance,lossof appetite, diminished libido,loss of interest to all activities, not feeling well at arousal to sadness to crying to suicidal ideas(10%),& attempt in 3 cases.

Somatic pain & other muliple aches & pains are one of the most commonest feature to complain about in women masking the depressive illnes in the underneath.

Women's mental health in a devoloping & poor economicaly rescourced country like India is often neglected, lately diagonosed & treated,but are numerous & of various kind.

In the week ending 14th June 2009, 100 women's those were treated in a rural clinic, 75 k.m off from the city of Kolkata were analysed here to get a current trends of patterns of disorders those are prevalant in women in 2009.

To feel the status of women's mental health in the community and to formulate necessary recommendations.

Total no. of women cases attended in a busy Clinic in Tamluk, near calcutta were taken.

100 women cases age ranging from 9-79 were analysed here as to their diagnostic formulation as per WHO, ICD-10 criteria.

Mean age of the patient attended was44 and mode was 35yrs.

In the younger age group 9-17 years group there were 15 cases mostly Mental retardation with behavior disorders & examination & study related Anxiety disorders with head pain &diff pain symptoms.Mental retardation are mild in nature & caused by Home delivery &prolonged delivery in all the cases, except one who was put on I.V Synthocinonin drip for long time instead of a c.s section in time.

Inthe middle group 18-45 years,Depressive Disorders, Bipolar disorders, Hysteria, Anxiety disorders, Schizophrenia &OCD are main entities.

Inthe late age group MDD, Senile dementia with & Delutional disorders are common.

In a clinic based study womenn's mental disorders are plenty.

This is an important arena of early intervention.

The study that is presented in this article has as its main objectives the analysis of the way some psychological and social (psycho-social) variables and in conjugal context fore see the psychological well-being of the women with breast cancer; and to know the differences between the groups which are susceptible of being formed with the study population.

This transversal study, of quantitative nature, was applied to a sample of 229 women, associated to the São Teotónio Hospital in Viseu and to the “Movimento Vencer e Viver” (Winning and Living Movement) of the Portuguese League against Cancer.

The results show that the psycho-social variables predict significantly and additionally, the psychological well-being of the women with breast cancer.The psycho-social variable that shows potential in the psychological well-being is the corporal image and the variable in the conjugal context that shows potential in the psychological well-being is the satisfaction with the conjugal relationship.

We are aware that scientific research in psycho-oncology almost never reflect a definitive answer to the problems, however, and it gives them an incentive to continue to study the questions. The realization of this study led to a recognition of the psychological well-being as a fundamental dimension of the experience of women with breast cancer, suggesting the urgent need to implement an integrated and multidisciplinary, suitable for the promotion of that well-being.

Emotions expressed by the group of mistreated women compared to those of a control group, are in a remarkable way characterized by gloominess and mournfulness and are connected to topics such as destruction, fear and death.