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Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

R. Abboud ,
C. Noronha  and
V.A. Diwadkar
R. Abboud
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Michigan State University Lansing, MI,USA
C. Noronha
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
V.A. Diwadkar*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive Detroit, MI48201, USA
*
* Corresponding author.E-mail address:vdiwadka@med.wayne.edu (V.A. Diwadkar).
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Abstract

Motor control is a ubiquitous aspect of human function, and from its earliest origins, abnormal motor control has been proposed as being central to schizophrenia. The neurobiological architecture of the motor system is well understood in primates and involves cortical and sub-cortical components including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Notably all of these regions are associated in some manner to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. At the molecular scale, both dopamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) abnormalities have been associated with working memory dysfunction, but particularly relating to the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex respectively. As evidence from multiple scales (behavioral, regional and molecular) converges, here we provide a synthesis of the bio-behavioral relevance of motor dysfunction in schizophrenia, and its consistency across scales. We believe that the selective compendium we provide can supplement calls arguing for renewed interest in studying the motor system in schizophrenia. We believe that in addition to being a highly relevant target for the study of schizophrenia related pathways in the brain, such focus provides tractable behavioral probes for in vivo imaging studies in the illness. Our assessment is that the motor system is a highly valuable research domain for the study of schizophrenia.

Keywords

SchizophreniaMotor DysfunctionMotor CortexDopamine
Type
Review
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 44 , July 2017 , pp. 125 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2017

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