Until recently there has been a general impression among a large proportion of the local medical faculty in Jerusalem that enteric fever was very uncommon and that typhus fever was practically unknown. As we are now basing our diagnosis of malaria increasingly upon the discovery of malarial parasites in the blood, we find that while on the one hand many of the most severe malarial infections, especially those with subtertian parasites, have little or no pyrexia, on the other hand, many cases which we should have called “ remittent malaria” or “malignant malaria” or “typho-malaria” in years gone by, are proving to be of other origin. A case of remittent pyrexia which does not yield in three, or at the outside five, days to efficient dosing with quinine is not in our experience a pure malarial infection.