Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T08:15:27.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spillover from marine reserves and the replenishment of fished stocks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2010

BENJAMIN S. HALPERN ,
SARAH E. LESTER  and
JULIE B. KELLNER
BENJAMIN S. HALPERN*
Affiliation:
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara CA 93101, USA
SARAH E. LESTER
Affiliation:
Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93106, USA
JULIE B. KELLNER
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#34, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA
*
*Correspondence: Dr Benjamin S. Halpern Tel: +1 805 892 2531 Fax: +1 805 892 2510 e-mail: halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

No-take marine reserves are widely recognized as an effective conservation tool for protecting marine resources. Despite considerable empirical evidence that abundance and biomass of fished species increase within marine reserve boundaries, the potential for reserves to provide fisheries and conservation benefits to adjacent waters remains heavily debated. This paper uses statistical and population models to evaluate published empirical data on adult spillover from marine reserves and shows that spillover is a common phenomenon for species that respond positively to reserve protection, but at relatively small scales, detectable on average up to 800 m from reserve boundaries. At these small scales, local fisheries around reserves were likely unsustainable in 12 of 14 cases without the reserve, and spillover partially or fully offsets losses in catch due to reserve closure in the other two cases. For reserves to play a role in sustaining and replenishing larger-scale fished stocks, networks of reserves may be necessary, but as few exist this is difficult to evaluate. The results suggest reserves can simultaneously meet conservation objectives and benefit local fisheries adjacent to their boundaries.

Keywords

adult fish movementfisheriesglobalmarine protected areasno-take reservesspillover effectsynthesis
Type
Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , December 2009 , pp. 268 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abesamis, R.A. & Russ, G.R. (2005) Density-dependent spillover from a marine reserve: long-term evidence. Ecological Applications 15 (5): 1798–1812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abesamis, R.A., Alcala, A.C. & Russ, G.R. (2006 a) How much does the fishery at Apo Island benefit from spillover of adult fish from the adjacent marine reserve? Fishery Bulletin 104 (3): 360–375.Google Scholar
Abesamis, R.A., Russ, G.R. & Alcala, A.C. (2006 b) Gradients of abundance of fish across no-take marine reserve boundaries: evidence from Philippine coral reefs. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16 (4): 349–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alcala, A.C., Russ, G.R., Maypa, A.P. & Calumpong, H.P. (2005) A long-term, spatially replicated experimental test of the effect of marine reserves on local fish yields. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62 (1): 98–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashworth, J.S. & Ormond, R.F.G. (2005) Effects of fishing pressure and trophic group on abundance and spillover across boundaries of a no-take zone. Biological Conservation 121 (3): 333–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantrell, R.S. & Cosner, C. (2003) Spatial Ecology via Reaction-diffusion Equations. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Claudet, J., Osenberg, C.W., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Domenici, P., Garcia-Charton, J.A., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Badalamenti, F., Bayle-Sempere, J., Brito, A., Bulleri, F., Culioli, J.M., Dimech, M., Falcon, J. M., Guala, I., Milazzo, M., Sanchez-Meca, J., Somerfield, P.J., Stobart, B., Vandeperre, F., Valle, C. & Planes, S. (2008) Marine reserves: size and age do matter. Ecology Letters 11 (5): 481–489.Google Scholar
Costello, C., Gaines, S.D. & Lynham, J. (2008) Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse? Science 321: 1678–1681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, R.A. (1937) The wave of advance of advantageous genes. Annals of Eugenics 7: 353–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcada, A., Bayle-Sempere, J.T., Valle, C. & Sanchez-Jerez, P. (2008) Habitat continuity effects on gradients of fish biomass across marine protected area boundaries. Marine Environmental Research 66 (5): 536–547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forcada, A., Valle, C., Bonhomme, P., Criquet, G., Cadiou, G., Lenfant, P. & Sanchez-Lizaso, J.L. (2009) Effects of habitat on spillover from marine protected areas to artisanal fisheries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379: 197–211.Google Scholar
Francini-Filho, R.B. & Moura, R.L. (2008) Evidence for spillover of reef fishes from a no-take marine reserve: an evaluation using the before-after control-impact (BACI) approach. Fisheries Research 93: 346–356.Google Scholar
Gell, F.R. & Roberts, C.M. (2003) Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18 (9): 448–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goni, R., Adlerstein, S., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Forcada, A., Renones, O., Criquet, G., Polti, S., Cadiou, G., Valle, C., Lenfant, P., Bonhomme, P., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Sanchez-Lizaso, J.L., Garcia-Charton, J.A., Bernard, G., Stelzenmuller, V. & Planes, S. (2008) Spillover from six western Mediterranean marine protected areas: evidence from artisanal fisheries. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 366: 159–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goni, R., Quetglas, A. & Renones, O. (2006) Spillover of spiny lobsters Palinurus elephas from a marine reserve to an adjoining fishery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 308: 207–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guenette, S., Pitcher, T.J. & Walters, C.J. (2000) The potential of marine reserves for the management of northern cod in Newfoundland. In: Essential Fish Habitat and Marine Reserves, Bulletin of Marine Science Volume 66, ed. EDITORS, pp. 831–852. Miami, FL, USA: University of Miami, Rosenthiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science.Google Scholar
Guidetti, P. (2007) Potential of marine reserves to cause community-wide changes beyond their boundaries. Conservation Biology 21 (2): 540–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halpern, B.S. (2003) The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13 (1): S117–S137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpern, B.S., Gaines, S.D. & Warner, R.R. (2004) Confounding effects of the export of production and the displacement of fishing effort from marine reserves. Ecological Applications 14 (4): 1248–1256.Google Scholar
Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C.V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Myers, R., Perry, M., Selig, E., Spalding, M., Steneck, R. & Watson, R. (2008) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319: 948–952.Google Scholar
Harmelin-Vivien, M., Le Direach, L., Bayle-Sempere, J., Charbonnel, E., Garcia-Charton, J.A., Ody, D., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Renones, O., Sanchez-Jerez, P. & Valle, C. (2008) Gradients of abundance and biomass across reserve boundaries in six Mediterranean marine protected areas: evidence of fish spillover? Biological Conservation 141 (7): 1829–1839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastings, A. & Botsford, L.W. (1999) Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284 (5419): 1537–1538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilborn, R., Stokes, K., Maguire, J.J., Smith, T., Botsford, L.W., Mangel, M., Orensanz, J., Parma, A., Rice, J., Bell, J., Cochrane, K.L., Garcia, S., Hall, S.J., Kirkwood, G.P., Sainsbury, K., Stefansson, G. & Walters, C. (2004) When can marine reserves improve fisheries management? Ocean and Coastal Management 47 (3–4): 197–205.Google Scholar
Kaplan, D.M. & Botsford, L.W. (2005) Effects of variability in spacing of coastal marine reserves on fisheries yield and sustainability. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science 62: 905–912 [www document]. URL http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75p6q8t0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaunda-Arara, B. & Rose, G.A. (2004) Effects of marine reef national parks on fishery CPUE in coastal Kenya. Biological Conservation 118 (1): 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellner, J.B., Nisbet, R.M. & Gaines, S.D. (2008) Spillover from marine reserves related to mechanisms of population regulation. Theoretical Ecology 1: 117–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellner, J.B., Tetreault, I., Gaines, S.D. & Nisbet, R.M. (2007) Fishing the line near marine reserves in single and multispecies fisheries. Ecological Applications 17 (4): 1039–1054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, S. & MacDiarmid, A.B. (2003) Movement patterns of mature spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, from a marine reserve. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37 (1): 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Quesne, W.J.F. & Codling, E.A. (2009) Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66 (1): 122–131.Google Scholar
Lester, S.E., Halpern, B.S., Grorud-Colvert, K., Lubchenco, J., Ruttenberg, B.I., Gaines, S.D., Airame, S. & Warner, R.R. (2009) Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384: 33–46.Google Scholar
Lubchenco, J., Palumbi, S.R., Gaines, S.D. & Andelman, S. (2003) Plugging a hole in the ocean: the emerging science of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 13: S3–S7.Google Scholar
McClanahan, T.R. & Mangi, S. (2000) Spillover of exploitable fishes from a marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery. Ecological Applications 10: 1792–1805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClanahan, T.R. & Mangi, S. (2001) The effect of a closed area and beach seine exclusion on coral reef fish catches. Fisheries Management and Ecology 8 (2): 107–121.Google Scholar
Micheli, F., Halpern, B.S., Botsford, L.W. & Warner, R.R. (2004) Trajectories and correlates of community change in no-take marine reserves. Ecological Applications 14 (6): 1709–1723.Google Scholar
Murawski, S.A., Wigley, S.E., Fogarty, M.J., Rago, P.J. & Mountain, D.G. (2005) Effort distribution and catch patterns adjacent to temperate MPAs. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62 (6): 1150–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neubert, M.G. (2003) Marine reserves and optimal harvesting. Ecology Letters 6 (9): 843–849.Google Scholar
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R. & Torres, F. (1998) Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279 (5352): 860–863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez-Ruzafa, A., Martin, E., Marcos, C., Zamarro, J. M., Stobart, B., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Polti, S., Planes, S., Garcia-Charton, J. A. & Gonzalez-Wanguemert, M. (2008) Modelling spatial and temporal scales for spill-over and biomass exportation from MPAs and their potential for fisheries enhancement. Journal of Nature Conservation 16 (4): 234–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitcher, T.J., Buchary, E.A. & Hutton, T. (2002) Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59: S17–S26 [www document]. URL http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/59/suppl/S17.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
R (2006) R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Development Core Team.Google Scholar
Rakitin, A. & Kramer, D.L. (1996) Effect of a marine reserve on the distribution of coral reef fishes in Barbados. Marine Ecology Progress Series 131 (1–3): 97–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, C.M., Bohnsack, J.A., Gell, F., Hawkins, J.P. & Goodridge, R. (2001) Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294 (5548): 1920–1923.Google Scholar
Roberts, C.M., Hawkins, J.P. & Gell, F.R. (2005) The role of marine reserves in achieving sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. Biological Sciences 360 (1453): 123–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodwell, L.D., Barbier, E.B., Roberts, C.M. & McClanahan, T.R. (2003) The importance of habitat quality for marine reserve: fishery linkages. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60: 171–181.Google Scholar
Rowley, R.J. (1994) Marine reserves in fisheries management. Aquatic Conservation, Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 4 (3): 233–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russ, G.R., Alcala, A.C., Maypa, A.P., Calumpong, H.P. & White, A.T. (2004) Marine reserve benefits local fisheries. Ecological Applications 14 (2): 597–606.Google Scholar
Samoilys, M.A. (1997) Movement in a large predatory fish: coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Serranidae), on Heron Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 16 (3): 151–158.Google Scholar
Shigesada, N. & Kawasaki, K. (1997) Biological Invasions: Theory and Practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M.D. & Wilen, J.E. (2003) Economic impacts of marine reserves: the importance of spatial behavior. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46: 183–206.Google Scholar
Topping, D.T., Lowe, C.G. & Caselle, J.E. (2005) Home range and habitat utilization of adult California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher (Labridae), in a temperate no-take marine reserve. Marine Biology 147 (2): 301–311.Google Scholar
Tupper, M.H. (2002) Marine reserves and fisheries management. Science 295 (5558): 1233–1233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, I.D., Walsh, W.J., Claisse, J.T., Tissot, B.N. & Stamoulis, K.A. (2009) Impacts of a Hawaiian marine protected area network on the abundance and fishery sustainability of the yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens. Biological Conservation 142 (5): 1066–1073.Google Scholar
Worm, B., Barbier, E.B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J.E., Folke, C., Halpern, B.S., Jackson, J.B.C., Lotze, H. K., Micheli, F., Palumbi, S.R., Sala, E., Selkoe, K.A., Stachowicz, J.J. & Watson, R. (2006) Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314 (5800): 787–790.Google Scholar
Zeller, D. & Reinert, J. (2004) Modelling spatial closures and fishing effort restrictions in the Faroe Islands marine ecosystem. Ecological Modelling 172 (2–4): 403–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeller, D., Stoute, S.L. & Russ, G.R. (2003) Movements of reef fishes across marine reserve boundaries: effects of manipulating a density gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 254: 269–280.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Halpern et al. supplementary material

Supplementary tables

Download Halpern et al. supplementary material(File)
File 359.4 KB