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“Feudal Barons Extracting Tribute”: Narratives of Market Power in the Australian Retail Property Sector during the 1980s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2021

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Abstract

This article analyzes the ways that shopping center tenants deployed narratives to encourage government intervention in the Australian retail property sector during the 1980s. Tenants claimed that landlords were abusing their market power through a range of egregious and exploitative practices. Landlords responded with stories of their own, claiming that amateurish retailers were using isolated cases to make broad generalizations about the industry as a whole. Politicians retold retailers’ stories in Parliament, championed small business enterprise as a driver of economic growth, and produced retail leasing legislation aimed at protecting shopping center tenants. In the process, established conceptions of shopping centers were inverted. In the 1960s and 1970s they were seen as bastions of capitalist enterprise constructed by nation-building visionaries. Through stories, retailers captured the cultural legitimacy of entrepreneurship from their landlords, who were characterized as feudal barons blocking the free operation of markets they controlled. Exploring these developments offers new insights into the relational dynamics of preplanned retail environments, expands our understanding of postwar Australian retail history, and contributes to a growing historiography on the role of narrative in business history.

Keywords

shopping centresregulationnarrativeretail
Type
Article
Information
Enterprise & Society , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2023 , pp. 355 - 373
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved

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References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Bailey, Matthew. Managing the Marketplace: Reinventing Shopping Centres in Postwar Australia. London: Routledge, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Boje, David M. Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research. London: Sage, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BOMA National Council of Shopping Centres. Directory of Australian Shopping Centres. Armadale, VIC, Australia: Brian Zouch Publications, 1980.Google Scholar
BOMA, N.S.W. Division. Shopping Centre Directory N.S.W. & Act. Sydney: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Queensland Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Queensland. Brisbane: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, South Australian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, South Australia. Adelaide: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Victorian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Victoria. Melbourne: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Western Australian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Western Australia. Perth: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
Bradbrook, Adrian J., and Croft, Clyde E.. Commercial Tenancy Law in Australia. North Ryde, NSW, Australia: Butterworths, 1990.Google Scholar
Crosby, Neil. An Evaluation of the Policy Implications for the UK of the Approach to Small Business Tenant Legislation in Australia. Reading, UK: University of Reading, 2006.Google Scholar
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. Small Stories, Interaction and Identities. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, Paul. The End of Certainty: Power, Politics & Business in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1994.Google Scholar
Kingston, Beverley. Basket, Bag and Trolley: A History of Shopping in Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Modern Merchandising Methods. Australian Shopping Centres. NSW, Australia: MMM, 1971.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas. Powers of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Peter. The Property Masters: A History of the British Commercial Property Sector. London: Taylor & Francis, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Philip L. What Is the Problem of Small Business? Melbourne: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1984.Google Scholar
Anderson, Alistair R., and Warren, Lorraine. “The Entrepreneur as Hero and Jester: Enacting the Entrepreneurial Discourse.” International Small Business Journal 29, no. 6 (2011): 589–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Colin. “The Retail Shop Leases Act 1984 (QLD): Does It Remedy a Mischief?” Bond Law Review 4, no. 1 (1992): 73–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Christopher L. “The Power of ‘Small Business’ as Pending Narrative: An Ideograph in UK Politics 2004–2013.” Social Semiotics 26, no. 1 (2016): 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Bruce. “Business Improvement in Traditional Shopping Centres: A Component of Townscape Improvement Programs.” Melbourne: Townscape Advisory Service, Ministry for Planning and Environment, 1985.Google Scholar
Australian Government Productivity Commission. “The Market for Retail Tenancy Leases in Australia.” Belconnen, ACT, Australia: Productivity Commission, 2007.Google Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Retailing and the Home in 1960s Sydney.” History Australia 11, no. 1 (2014): 59–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Shopping for Entertainment: Malls and Multiplexes in Sydney, Australia,” Urban History 42, no. 2 (2015): 309–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Urban Disruption, Suburbanization and Retail Innovation: Establishing Shopping Centres in Australia.” Urban History 47, no. 1 (2020): 152–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, Lindsay. “Roselands or Everything Under One Roof.” UTS Review 4, no. 2 (1998): 123–37.Google Scholar
Benjamin, John, and Chinloy, Peter. “The Structure of a Retail Lease.” Journal of Real Estate Research 26, no. 2 (2004): 223–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Andrew D., and Thompson, Edmund R.. “A Narrative Approach to Strategy-as-Practice.” Business History 55, no. 7 (2013): 1143–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brueckner, Jan K. “Inter-store Externalities and Space Allocation in Shopping Centres.” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 7, no. 1 (1993): 5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, David, and Dawson, Patrick. “Discourse and Audience: Organizational Change as Multi-Story Process.” Journal of Management Studies 44, no. 5 (2007): 669–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardew, Richard. “Retailing and Office Development in Sydney.” In Why Cities Change Updated: Urban Development and Economic Change in the Late 1980s, edited by Langdale, John V., Rich, David C. and Cardew, Richard V., 34–55. Sydney: Macquarie University, 1989.Google Scholar
Cohen, Laurie, and Musson, Gai. “Entrepreneurial Identities: Reflections from Two Case Studies.” Organization 71, no. 1 (2000): 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Robert, and Bailey, Matthew. “Speaking of Research: Oral History and Marketing History,” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 10, no. 1 (2018): 107–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosby, Neil, Gibson, Virginia, and Murdoch, Sandi. “UK Commercial Property Lease Structures: Landlord and Tenant Mismatch.” Urban Studies 40, no. 8 (2003): 1487–1516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, Lloyd. “Final Report on a Consultancy Study of Common National Commercial and Retail Tenancy Issues 1991.” Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992.Google Scholar
Delahaye, Agnès, Booth, Charles, Clark, Peter, Procter, Stephen, and Rowlinson, Michael. “The Genre of Corporate History.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 22, no. 1 (2009): 27–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, Bill. “Changes to the Retail Shop Leases Act 1994 (QLD).” Property Law Review 6, no. 1 (2016): 78–82.Google Scholar
Down, Simon, and Warren, Lorraine. “Constructing Narratives on Enterprise: Clichés and Entrepreneurial Self-Identity.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 14, no. 1 (2008): 4–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durepos, Gabrielle, McKinlay, Alan, and Taylor, Scott. “Narrating Histories of Women at Work: Archives, Stories, and the Promise of Feminism.” Business History 59, no. 8 (2017): 1261–1279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenton, Christopher, and Langley, Ann. “Strategy as Practice and the Narrative Turn.” Organization Studies 32, no. 9 (2011): 1171–1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannigan, Nigel. “Life for Traditional Shopping Streets: Avoiding the ‘Quick-Fix’ Solution.” Landscape Australia 11, no. 3 (1989): 283–294.Google Scholar
Gould, Eric D., Pashigian, B. Peter, and Prendergast, Canice J.. “Contracts, Externalities, and Incentives in Shopping Malls.” Review of Economics and Statistics 87, no. 3 (2005): 411–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Networks, Narratives, and New Markets: The Rise and Decline of Danish Modern Furniture Design, 1930–1970.” Business History Review 80, no. 3 (2006): 449–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Organizational Culture and Organizational Change: The Transformation of Savings Banks in Denmark, 1965–1990.” Enterprise & Society 8 no. 4 (2007): 920–953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Business History: A Cultural and Narrative Approach.” Business History Review 86, no. 4 (2012): 693–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hearn, Mark. “Productivity and Patriotism: The Management Narrative of New South Wales Rail Chief Commissioner James Fraser, 1917–1929.” Business History 50, no. 1 (2008): 26–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
House of Representatives Standing Committee on Industry, Science, and Technology. “Finding a Balance Towards Fair Trading in Australia.” Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1997.Google Scholar
Hughes, Cathy, and Crosby, Neil. “The Challenge of Self‐Regulation in Commercial Property Leasing: A Study of Lease Codes in the UK.” International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 4, no. 1 (2012): 23–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroeze, Ronald and Keulen, Sjoerd. “Leading a Multinational Is History in Practice: The Use of Invented Traditions and Narratives at AkzoNobel, Shell, Philips and ABN AMRO.” Business History 55, no. 8 (2013): 1265–1287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “Culture and the Practice of Business History.” Business and Economic History 24, no. 2 (1995): 1–41.Google Scholar
Maines, Rachel. “The Asbestos Litigation Master Narrative: Building Codes, Engineering Standards, and ‘Retroactive Inculpation.’” Enterprise & Society 13, no. 4 (2012): 862–897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCluskey, Danielle, Lim, Lay Cheng, McCord, Michael, and Davis, Peadar Thomas. “Commercial Leases in the UK Regions: Business as Usual?" Journal of Corporate Real Estate 18, no. 4 (2016): 227–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miceli, Thomas J., and Sirmans, C. F.. “Contracting with Spatial Externalities and Agency Problems: The Case of Retail Leases.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 25, no. 3 (1995): 355–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mordhorst, Mads, and Schwarzkopf, Stefan. “Theorising Narrative in Business History.” Business History 59, no. 8 (2017): 1155–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Painter, Martin. “Economic Policy, Market Liberalism and the ‘End of Australian Politics.’” Australian Journal of Political Science 31, no.3 (1996): 287–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popp, Andrew, and Fellman, Susanna. “Writing Business History: Creating Narratives.” Business History 59 no. 8, 1242–1260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Geoffrey. “Introduction: The History and Narrative Debate, 1960–2000.” In The History and Narrative Reader, edited by Roberts, Geoffrey, 1–22. London: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Sanderson, Danielle, and Edwards, Victoria M.. “What Tenants Want: UK Occupiers’ Requirements when Renting Commercial Property and Strategic Implications for Landlords.” Working Papers in Real Estate and Planning. Reading, UK: University of Reading, March 2014.Google Scholar
Surkis, Judith. “When Was the Linguistic Turn? A Genealogy.” American Historical Review 117, no. 3 (2012): 700–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarlo, H. “The Great Shop Lease Controversy.” University of Queensland Law Journal 13 (1983–1984): 7–27.Google Scholar
Watson, Tony J. “Entrepreneurial Action, Identity Work and the Use of Multiple Discursive Resources.” International Small Business Journal 27, no. 3 (2009): 251–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheaton, William C. “Percentage Rent in Retail Leasing: The Alignment of Landlord–Tenant Interests.” Real Estate Economics 28, no. 2 (2000): 185–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Advertising Age Google Scholar
Bankstown Observer Google Scholar
Inside Retailing Google Scholar
Manly Daily Google Scholar
Retail Merchandiser Google Scholar
The Retail Trader Google Scholar
St George and Sutherland Shire Leader Google Scholar
Sydney Morning Herald Google Scholar
Wall Street Journal Google Scholar
New South Wales Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Queensland Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
South Australian Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Victoria Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Victorian Legislative CouncilGoogle Scholar
Western Australia Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Western Australia Legislative CouncilGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. Managing the Marketplace: Reinventing Shopping Centres in Postwar Australia. London: Routledge, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, Catherine. Minding Her Own Business: Colonial Businesswomen in Sydney. Sydney: NewSouth Publishing, 2015.Google Scholar
Boje, David M. Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research. London: Sage, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BOMA National Council of Shopping Centres. Directory of Australian Shopping Centres. Armadale, VIC, Australia: Brian Zouch Publications, 1980.Google Scholar
BOMA, N.S.W. Division. Shopping Centre Directory N.S.W. & Act. Sydney: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Queensland Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Queensland. Brisbane: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, South Australian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, South Australia. Adelaide: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Victorian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Victoria. Melbourne: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
BOMA, Western Australian Division. Directory of Shopping Centres, Western Australia. Perth: BOMA, 1995.Google Scholar
Bradbrook, Adrian J., and Croft, Clyde E.. Commercial Tenancy Law in Australia. North Ryde, NSW, Australia: Butterworths, 1990.Google Scholar
Crosby, Neil. An Evaluation of the Policy Implications for the UK of the Approach to Small Business Tenant Legislation in Australia. Reading, UK: University of Reading, 2006.Google Scholar
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. Small Stories, Interaction and Identities. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, Paul. The End of Certainty: Power, Politics & Business in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1994.Google Scholar
Kingston, Beverley. Basket, Bag and Trolley: A History of Shopping in Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Modern Merchandising Methods. Australian Shopping Centres. NSW, Australia: MMM, 1971.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas. Powers of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Peter. The Property Masters: A History of the British Commercial Property Sector. London: Taylor & Francis, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Philip L. What Is the Problem of Small Business? Melbourne: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1984.Google Scholar
Anderson, Alistair R., and Warren, Lorraine. “The Entrepreneur as Hero and Jester: Enacting the Entrepreneurial Discourse.” International Small Business Journal 29, no. 6 (2011): 589–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Colin. “The Retail Shop Leases Act 1984 (QLD): Does It Remedy a Mischief?” Bond Law Review 4, no. 1 (1992): 73–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Christopher L. “The Power of ‘Small Business’ as Pending Narrative: An Ideograph in UK Politics 2004–2013.” Social Semiotics 26, no. 1 (2016): 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, Bruce. “Business Improvement in Traditional Shopping Centres: A Component of Townscape Improvement Programs.” Melbourne: Townscape Advisory Service, Ministry for Planning and Environment, 1985.Google Scholar
Australian Government Productivity Commission. “The Market for Retail Tenancy Leases in Australia.” Belconnen, ACT, Australia: Productivity Commission, 2007.Google Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Retailing and the Home in 1960s Sydney.” History Australia 11, no. 1 (2014): 59–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Shopping for Entertainment: Malls and Multiplexes in Sydney, Australia,” Urban History 42, no. 2 (2015): 309–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Matthew. “Urban Disruption, Suburbanization and Retail Innovation: Establishing Shopping Centres in Australia.” Urban History 47, no. 1 (2020): 152–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, Lindsay. “Roselands or Everything Under One Roof.” UTS Review 4, no. 2 (1998): 123–37.Google Scholar
Benjamin, John, and Chinloy, Peter. “The Structure of a Retail Lease.” Journal of Real Estate Research 26, no. 2 (2004): 223–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Andrew D., and Thompson, Edmund R.. “A Narrative Approach to Strategy-as-Practice.” Business History 55, no. 7 (2013): 1143–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brueckner, Jan K. “Inter-store Externalities and Space Allocation in Shopping Centres.” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 7, no. 1 (1993): 5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, David, and Dawson, Patrick. “Discourse and Audience: Organizational Change as Multi-Story Process.” Journal of Management Studies 44, no. 5 (2007): 669–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardew, Richard. “Retailing and Office Development in Sydney.” In Why Cities Change Updated: Urban Development and Economic Change in the Late 1980s, edited by Langdale, John V., Rich, David C. and Cardew, Richard V., 34–55. Sydney: Macquarie University, 1989.Google Scholar
Cohen, Laurie, and Musson, Gai. “Entrepreneurial Identities: Reflections from Two Case Studies.” Organization 71, no. 1 (2000): 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Robert, and Bailey, Matthew. “Speaking of Research: Oral History and Marketing History,” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 10, no. 1 (2018): 107–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosby, Neil, Gibson, Virginia, and Murdoch, Sandi. “UK Commercial Property Lease Structures: Landlord and Tenant Mismatch.” Urban Studies 40, no. 8 (2003): 1487–1516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, Lloyd. “Final Report on a Consultancy Study of Common National Commercial and Retail Tenancy Issues 1991.” Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992.Google Scholar
Delahaye, Agnès, Booth, Charles, Clark, Peter, Procter, Stephen, and Rowlinson, Michael. “The Genre of Corporate History.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 22, no. 1 (2009): 27–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, Bill. “Changes to the Retail Shop Leases Act 1994 (QLD).” Property Law Review 6, no. 1 (2016): 78–82.Google Scholar
Down, Simon, and Warren, Lorraine. “Constructing Narratives on Enterprise: Clichés and Entrepreneurial Self-Identity.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 14, no. 1 (2008): 4–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durepos, Gabrielle, McKinlay, Alan, and Taylor, Scott. “Narrating Histories of Women at Work: Archives, Stories, and the Promise of Feminism.” Business History 59, no. 8 (2017): 1261–1279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenton, Christopher, and Langley, Ann. “Strategy as Practice and the Narrative Turn.” Organization Studies 32, no. 9 (2011): 1171–1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannigan, Nigel. “Life for Traditional Shopping Streets: Avoiding the ‘Quick-Fix’ Solution.” Landscape Australia 11, no. 3 (1989): 283–294.Google Scholar
Gould, Eric D., Pashigian, B. Peter, and Prendergast, Canice J.. “Contracts, Externalities, and Incentives in Shopping Malls.” Review of Economics and Statistics 87, no. 3 (2005): 411–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Networks, Narratives, and New Markets: The Rise and Decline of Danish Modern Furniture Design, 1930–1970.” Business History Review 80, no. 3 (2006): 449–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Organizational Culture and Organizational Change: The Transformation of Savings Banks in Denmark, 1965–1990.” Enterprise & Society 8 no. 4 (2007): 920–953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Per H. “Business History: A Cultural and Narrative Approach.” Business History Review 86, no. 4 (2012): 693–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hearn, Mark. “Productivity and Patriotism: The Management Narrative of New South Wales Rail Chief Commissioner James Fraser, 1917–1929.” Business History 50, no. 1 (2008): 26–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
House of Representatives Standing Committee on Industry, Science, and Technology. “Finding a Balance Towards Fair Trading in Australia.” Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1997.Google Scholar
Hughes, Cathy, and Crosby, Neil. “The Challenge of Self‐Regulation in Commercial Property Leasing: A Study of Lease Codes in the UK.” International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 4, no. 1 (2012): 23–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroeze, Ronald and Keulen, Sjoerd. “Leading a Multinational Is History in Practice: The Use of Invented Traditions and Narratives at AkzoNobel, Shell, Philips and ABN AMRO.” Business History 55, no. 8 (2013): 1265–1287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “Culture and the Practice of Business History.” Business and Economic History 24, no. 2 (1995): 1–41.Google Scholar
Maines, Rachel. “The Asbestos Litigation Master Narrative: Building Codes, Engineering Standards, and ‘Retroactive Inculpation.’” Enterprise & Society 13, no. 4 (2012): 862–897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCluskey, Danielle, Lim, Lay Cheng, McCord, Michael, and Davis, Peadar Thomas. “Commercial Leases in the UK Regions: Business as Usual?" Journal of Corporate Real Estate 18, no. 4 (2016): 227–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miceli, Thomas J., and Sirmans, C. F.. “Contracting with Spatial Externalities and Agency Problems: The Case of Retail Leases.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 25, no. 3 (1995): 355–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mordhorst, Mads, and Schwarzkopf, Stefan. “Theorising Narrative in Business History.” Business History 59, no. 8 (2017): 1155–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Painter, Martin. “Economic Policy, Market Liberalism and the ‘End of Australian Politics.’” Australian Journal of Political Science 31, no.3 (1996): 287–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popp, Andrew, and Fellman, Susanna. “Writing Business History: Creating Narratives.” Business History 59 no. 8, 1242–1260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Geoffrey. “Introduction: The History and Narrative Debate, 1960–2000.” In The History and Narrative Reader, edited by Roberts, Geoffrey, 1–22. London: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Sanderson, Danielle, and Edwards, Victoria M.. “What Tenants Want: UK Occupiers’ Requirements when Renting Commercial Property and Strategic Implications for Landlords.” Working Papers in Real Estate and Planning. Reading, UK: University of Reading, March 2014.Google Scholar
Surkis, Judith. “When Was the Linguistic Turn? A Genealogy.” American Historical Review 117, no. 3 (2012): 700–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarlo, H. “The Great Shop Lease Controversy.” University of Queensland Law Journal 13 (1983–1984): 7–27.Google Scholar
Watson, Tony J. “Entrepreneurial Action, Identity Work and the Use of Multiple Discursive Resources.” International Small Business Journal 27, no. 3 (2009): 251–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheaton, William C. “Percentage Rent in Retail Leasing: The Alignment of Landlord–Tenant Interests.” Real Estate Economics 28, no. 2 (2000): 185–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Advertising Age Google Scholar
Bankstown Observer Google Scholar
Inside Retailing Google Scholar
Manly Daily Google Scholar
Retail Merchandiser Google Scholar
The Retail Trader Google Scholar
St George and Sutherland Shire Leader Google Scholar
Sydney Morning Herald Google Scholar
Wall Street Journal Google Scholar
New South Wales Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Queensland Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
South Australian Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Victoria Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Victorian Legislative CouncilGoogle Scholar
Western Australia Legislative AssemblyGoogle Scholar
Western Australia Legislative CouncilGoogle Scholar