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Tooth whorl structure, growth and function in a helicoprionid chondrichthyan Karpinskiprion (nom. nov.) (Eugeneodontiformes) with a revision of the family composition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2023

Oleg A. LEBEDEV Open the ORCID record for Oleg A. LEBEDEV [Opens in a new window] ,
Wayne M. ITANO Open the ORCID record for Wayne M. ITANO [Opens in a new window] ,
Zerina JOHANSON Open the ORCID record for Zerina JOHANSON [Opens in a new window] ,
Alexander S. ALEKSEEV Open the ORCID record for Alexander S. ALEKSEEV [Opens in a new window] ,
Moya M. SMITH Open the ORCID record for Moya M. SMITH [Opens in a new window] ,
Aleksey V. IVANOV Open the ORCID record for Aleksey V. IVANOV [Opens in a new window]  and
Igor V. NOVIKOV Open the ORCID record for Igor V. NOVIKOV [Opens in a new window]
Oleg A. LEBEDEV*
Affiliation:
A.A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia.
Wayne M. ITANO
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Zerina JOHANSON
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
Alexander S. ALEKSEEV
Affiliation:
A.A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia. Department of Paleontology, Geology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
Moya M. SMITH
Affiliation:
Centre for Craniofacial Regenerative Biology (CCRB), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
Aleksey V. IVANOV
Affiliation:
Earth Science Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119017, Russia. Tambov State Technical University, Tambov 392000, Russia.
Igor V. NOVIKOV
Affiliation:
A.A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia.
*
*Corresponding author. Email: elops12@yandex.ru
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Abstract

Restudy of Campyloprion annectans Eastman, 1902 from North America demonstrated that neither specimen included is diagnostic at the species level; thus, the species name is a nomen dubium. Since this species was designated as the type species of the genus, this requires suppression of the generic name also. Another species earlier assigned to Campyloprion, Campyloprion ivanovi Karpinsky, 1924 is used as a type for a newly established genus Karpinskiprion Lebedev et Itano gen. nov. The composition of the family Helicoprionidae Karpinsky, 1911 is reviewed, and a new family Helicampodontidae Itano et Lebedev fam. nov. is erected. A new specimen of Karpinskiprion ivanovi (Karpinsky, 1924) recently discovered in the Volgograd Region of Russia is the most complete Karpinskiprion specimen ever found. It unambiguously demonstrates the coiled nature of these tooth whorls and presents information on their developmental stages. During organogeny, cutting blades of the crown became reshaped, and basal spurs progressively elongated, forming a grater. Whorl growth occurred by addition of new crowns to the earlier mineralised base followed by later spur growth. In contrast to consistently uniform cutting blades, spurs are often malformed and bear traces of growth interruption. Both sides of the outer coil of the tooth whorl bear lifetime wear facets. The youngest (lingual) crowns are as yet unaffected by wear. The best-preserved facets show parallel radially directed scratch marks. The upper jaw dentition of Karpinskiprion is unknown, but we suggest that the faceted areas resulted from interaction with the antagonistic dental structures here. Three possible hypotheses for this interaction are suggested: (a) two opposing whorls acted as scissor blades, moving alternately from one side to another; (b) the lower tooth whorl fitted between paired parasymphyseal tooth whorls of the opposing jaw; or (c) the lower tooth whorl fitted into a dental pavement in the upper jaw.

Keywords

Campyloprionchondrichthyansgrowth modehistologyKarpinskiprionPennsylvanianRussia
Type
Spontaneous Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 113 , Issue 4 , December 2022 , pp. 337 - 360
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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Footnotes

Dedicated to Tim Smithson, in charge of all British Carboniferous vertebrates, wishing him to find a new edestiform one day!

References

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