Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:17:49.230Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Household Emergency Preparedness Instrument Development: A Delphi Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

Tara N. Heagele Open the ORCID record for Tara N. Heagele [Opens in a new window] ,
Charleen C. McNeill Open the ORCID record for Charleen C. McNeill [Opens in a new window] ,
Lavonne M. Adams  and
Danita M. Alfred
Tara N. Heagele*
Affiliation:
Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, New York
Charleen C. McNeill
Affiliation:
College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
Lavonne M. Adams
Affiliation:
Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
Danita M. Alfred
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Tara N Heagele, PhD, RN, PCCN, EMT, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, Office 427W, 425 East 25th Street, New York, NY10010 (e-mail: th1591@hunter.cuny.edu).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

The main objective of this research was to generate a consensus on the conceptual definition of household emergency preparedness from experts representing multiple disciplines and countries, in order to facilitate the development of an all-hazards, comprehensive, valid, and reliable instrument.

Methods:

Questions were generated via 3 methods: literature search, using existing instruments, and expert panels using the Delphi technique.

Results:

Panelists (n = 154) representing 36 countries came to a consensus that household emergency preparedness is defined as the completion of several preparedness actions and assembling a kit that can be transported in an evacuation. The new 51-question instrument demonstrates face, content, and criterion validity and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.96). The instrument assesses whether specific preparedness actions have been taken, and the presence or absence of essential supplies that could enable households to safely endure conditions that disasters would likely present (loss of power, water limitations, and/or lack of access to additional supplies for a few days).

Conclusion:

A valid and reliable instrument provides researchers with a replicable approach to assessment of preparedness levels, which is necessary to plan mitigation strategies, enhance health promotion, prevent injuries, and increase resilience for individuals and communities. The instrument can provide evidence to support interventions addressing health needs of community members following a disaster.

Keywords

delphi techniquedisaster medicinedisaster planningdisastersemergency preparedness
Type
Original Research
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , April 2022 , pp. 570 - 582
Copyright
© 2020 Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Heagele, TN. Lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of disaster supply kits. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(6):979–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagwell, HB, Liggin, R, Thompson, T, Lyle, K, Anthony, A, Baltz, M, et al. Disaster preparedness in families with children with special health care needs. Clin Pediatr. 2016;55(11):1036–1043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marceron, JE, Rohrbeck, CA. Disability and disasters: The role of self-efficacy in emergency preparedness. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24(1):83–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakai, H, Tsukasaki, K, Kyota, K, et al. Factors related to evacuation intentions of power-dependent home care patients in Japan. J Community Health Nurs. 2016;33(4):196-208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, K, Kim, B. Race and income disparities in disaster preparedness in old age. J Geron Soc Work. 2018;61(7):719–734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, DL, Notaro, SJ. Is emergency preparedness a ‘disaster’ for people with disabilities in the US? Results from the 2006-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Disabil Soc. 2015;30(3):401–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeill, CC, Alfred, D, Mastel-Smith, B, Fountain, R, MacClements, J. Changes in self-reported household preparedness levels among a rural population after exposure to emergency preparedness media campaign materials. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag. 2016;13(1):113–135.Google Scholar
Bodas, M, Siman-Tov, M, Kreitler, S, Peleg, K. Assessment of Emergency Preparedness of Households in Israel for war: Current status. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015;9(4):382–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershon, RR, Portacolone, E, Nwankwo, EM, Zhi, Q, Qureshi, KA, Raveis, VH. Psychosocial influences on disaster preparedness in San Francisco recipients of home care. J Urban Health. 2017;94(5):606–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Killian, TS, Moon, ZK, McNeill, CC, Person-Michener, J, Garrison, MEB. Stories after disaster survival: Preparing, heeding warnings, and self-reliance. J Emerg Manag. 2018;16(2):107–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nukpezah, JA, Soujaa, I. Creating emergency preparedness households: What really are the determinants of household emergency preparedness? RHCPP. 2018;9(4):480–504.Google Scholar
Killian, TS, Moon, ZK, McNeill, C, Garrison, B, Moxley, S. Emergency preparedness of persons over 50 years old: Further results from the health and retirement study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017;11(1):80–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyte-Lake, T, Claver, M, Dobalian, A. Assessing patients’ disaster preparedness in home-based primary care. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):263–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howe, PS. Modeling geographic variation in household disaster preparedness across U.S. states and metropolitan areas. Prof Geogr. 2018;70(3):491–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirtz, PW, Rohrbeck, CA. The dynamic role of perceived threat and self-efficacy in motivating terrorism preparedness behaviors. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2018;(27):366–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H, Zakour, M. Disaster preparedness among older adults: Social support, community participation, and demographic characteristics. J Soc Serv Res. 2017;43(4):498–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gargano, LM, Caramanica, K, Sisco, S, Brackbill, RM, Stellman, SD. Exposure to the World Trade Center disaster and 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder and household disaster preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015;9(6):625–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waltz, CF, Strickland, OL, Lenz, ER. Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.; 2010.Google Scholar
McNeill, CC, Killian, TS, Moon, Z, Way, KA, Garrison, MEB. The relationship between perceptions of emergency preparedness, disaster experience, health-care provider education, and emergency preparedness levels. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2018;38(4):233–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, CJ. Are survivalists malevolent? Pers Individ Dif. 2018;(129):104–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, JA, Nicholls, JM, Snell, DL, Nunnerley, JL. New Zealand wheelchair users’ preparedness for emergencies. Australas J Disaster Trauma Stud. 2017;21(1):3–18.Google Scholar
Annis, H, Jacoby, I, DeMers, G. Disaster preparedness among active duty personnel, retirees, veterans, and dependents. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):132–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleier, JA, Krause, D, Ogilby, T. Hurricane preparedness among elderly residents in South Florida. Public Health Nurs. 2018;35(1):3–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murakami, N, Siktel, HB, Lucido, D, Winchester, JF, Harbord, NB. Disaster preparedness and awareness of patients on hemodialysis after Hurricane Sandy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(8):1389–1396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, M, Grahmann, B, Fillmore, A, Benson, LS. Rural community disaster preparedness and risk perception in Trujillo, Peru. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):387–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yong, AG, Lemyre, L, Pinsent, C, Krewski, D. Risk perception and disaster preparedness in immigrants and Canadian-born adults: Analysis of a national survey on similarities and differences. Risk Anal. 2017;37(12):2321–2333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilton, JM, Alfred, D. An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention to Improve Personal Emergency Preparedness of Nursing Students. Nurse Educ. 2017;42(4):212–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, TN, Sobelson, RK, Wigington, CJ, et al. Applying Instructional Design Strategies and Behavior Theory to Household Disaster Preparedness Training. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2018;24(1):e16–e25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toor, KT, Burke, RV, Demeter, NE, et al. Improving Disaster Preparedness of Families With a Parenteral Nutrition-dependent Child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;67(2):237–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brice, JH, Gregg, D, Sawyer, D, Cyr, JM. Survey of hospital employees’ personal preparedness and willingness to work following a disaster. South Med J. 2017;110(8):516–522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf-Fordham, S, Curtin, C, Maslin, M, Bandini, L, Hamad, CD. Emergency preparedness of families of children with developmental disabilities: What public health and safety emergency planners need to know. J Emerg Manag. 2015;13(1):7–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tam, G, Huang, Z, Chan, EYY. Household preparedness and preferred communication channels in public health emergencies: A cross-sectional survey of residents in an Asian developed urban city. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najafi, M, Ardalan, A, Akbarisari, A, Noorbala, AA, Elmi, H. Salient public beliefs underlying disaster preparedness behavior: A theory-based qualitative study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):124–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ranjbar, M, Soleimani, AA, Sedghpour, BS, Shahboulaghi, FM, Paton, D, Noroozi, M. The predictors of earthquake preparedness in Tehran households. Electron Physician. 2018;10(3):6478–6486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, DL, Notaro, SJ. Personal emergency preparedness for people with disabilities from the 2006-2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Disabil Health J. 2009;2(2):86–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wei, HL, Lindell, MK. Washington households’ expected responses to lahar threat from Mt. Rainier. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2017;(22):77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruger, DJ, Fernandes, HBF, Cupal, S, Homish, GG. Life history variation and the preparedness paradox. Evol Behav Sci. 2019;13(3):242–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welton-Mitchell, C, James, LE, Khanal, SN, James, AS. An integrated approach to mental health and disaster preparedness: A cluster comparison with earthquake affected communities in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(296):1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witvorapong, N, Muttarak, R, Pothisiri, W. Social participation and disaster risk reduction behaviors in Tsunami Prone Areas. PloS One. 2015;10(7):e0130862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nash, TJ. Unveiling the truth about nurses’ personal preparedness for disaster response: A pilot study. Medsurg Nurs. 2015;24(6):425–431.Google ScholarPubMed
Adame, BJ, Miller, CH. Vested interest, disaster preparedness, and strategic campaign message design. Health Commun. 2015;30(3):271–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phibbs, S, Good, G, Severinsen, C, Woodbury, E, Williamson, K. Emergency preparedness and perceptions of vulnerability among disabled people following Christchurch earthquakes: Applying lessons learnt to the Hyogo Framework for Action. Australas J Disaster Trauma Stud. 2015;(19):37–46.Google Scholar
Najafi, M, Ardalan, A, Akbarisari, A, Noorbala, AA, Elmi, H. The Theory of Planned Behavior and disaster preparedness. PLoS Curr. 2017;9:1–11.Google ScholarPubMed
Notebaert, L, Clarke, PJF, MacLeod, C. Does attentional bias to threat ameliorate or exacerbate the detrimental effect of trait anxiety on behavioural preparedness for real-world danger? Aust J Psychol. 2016;68(3):166–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devon, HA, Block, ME, Moyle-Wright, P, et al. A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(2):155–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeVellis, RF. Scale Development: Theory and Applications (Applied Social Research Methods). 3rd ed. Los Angeles, CA, USA: Sage Publications Inc.; 2011.Google Scholar
Department of Homeland Security. Ready. Prepare. Plan. Stay informed. Homeland Security. Washington, DC, USA. http://www.ready.gov. Accessed April 23, 2020.Google Scholar
Texas Department of State Health Services. Ready or not? Have a plan. Texas Department of State Health Services website. https://texasready.gov. Accessed April 23, 2020.Google Scholar
Hsu, CC, Sandford, BA. The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Evaluation. 2007;12(10):1–8.Google Scholar
Parks, S, d’Angelo, C, Gunashekar, S. Citizen Science: Generating Ideas and Exploring Consensus. Cambridge, England: The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute; 2018:1–14.Google Scholar
Age of Consent. Legal ages of consent by country. Age Of Consent website. https://www.ageofconsent.net/world. Accessed April 23, 2020.Google Scholar
Elo, S, Kyngäs, H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, K, Williams, M. Researching online populations: The use of online focus groups for social research. Qualitative Research. 2005;5(4):395–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streubert, H, Carpenter, D. Qualitative Research in Nursing. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.Google Scholar
Association, Sphere. The Sphere handbook: Humanitarian charter and minimum standards. 4th ed. https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed June 4, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar