Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T19:39:18.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Second thoughts on the nature of autism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2008

Peter Mundy*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences
Marian Sigman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences
*
Reprint requests may be sent to: Peter Mundy, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024.

Abstract

This article presents our response to the comments of Baron-Cohen, Harris, Hobson, and Leslie and Happé. We suggest that a singular cognitive hypothesis does not provide a parsimonious explanation of autism. We argue that certain aspects of autism, including observations of joint-attention deficits and observations of deficits in the prosodic elements of speech, may best be explained in terms of both cognitive and affective factors. We also acknowledge the validity of the criticism of our contingency processing deficit hypothesis (Mundy & Sigman, 1989a). In response to this criticism, we offer a modification of our model of joint-attention skill deficits in autistic children.

Type
Authors' Response
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adamson, L., & Bakeman, R. (1985). Affect and attention: Infants observed with mothers and peers. Child Development, 56, 582593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baltaxe, C., & Simmons, J. (1985). Prosodic development in normal and autistic children. In Schopler, E. & Mesibov, G. (Eds.), Communication problems in autism (pp. 95125). New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (1988). Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 379401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). Joint-attention deficits in autism: Towards a cognitive analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 185189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crystal, D. (1979). Prosodic development. In Fletcher, P. & Garman, M. (Eds.), Language acquisition (pp. 3348). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, G., Hill, D., Spencer, A., & Galpert, L. (1988). Affective exchanges between young autistic children and their mothers. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies.Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Dawson, G., & Lewy, A. (1989). Arousal, attention, and the socioemotional impairments of individuals with autism. In Dawson, G. (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 4974). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Dawson, G., & McKissik, F. (1984). Self-recognition in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 383394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, K., & Pipp, S. (1984). Processes in cognitive development: Optimal level and skill acquisition. In Sternberg, R. (Ed.), Mechanisms of cognitive development (pp. 4580). New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Frick, R. (1985). Communicating emotion: The role of prosodic features. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 412429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, P. L. (1989). The autistic child's impaired conceptions of mental states. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 191195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, R. P. (1986). The autistic child's appraisal of the expressions of emotion. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 671680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, R. P. (1989a). Beyond cognition: A theory of autism. In Dawson, G. (Ed.), Autism: New perspectives on diagnosis, nature and treatment. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Hobson, R. P. (1989b). On sharing experiences. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 197203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasari, C., Sigman, M., Mundy, P., & Yirmiya, N. (in press). Affective sharing in the context of joint attention interactions of normal, autistic, and mentally retarded children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities.Google Scholar
Leslie, A. M., & Happé, F. (1989). Autism and estensive communication: The relevance of metarepresentation. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 205212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malatesta, C., & Izard, C. (1984). The ontogenesis of human social signals: From biological imperative to symbol utilization. In Fox, N. & Davidson, R. (Eds.), The psychobiology of affective development (pp. 161206). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989a). The theoretical implications of joint-attention deficits in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 173183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989b). Specifying the nature of the social impairment in autism. In Dawson, G. (Ed.), Autism: New perspectives on the diagnosis, nature, and treatment (pp. 321). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., & Sherman, T. (1987). Play and nonverbal communication correlates of language development in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 17, 349363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neuman, C., & Hill, S. (1978). Self-recognition and stimulus preferences in autistic children. Developmental Psychobiology, 11, 571578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B., & Rogers, S. (in press). Are there emotion perception deficits in young autistic children? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Sigman, M., & Ungerer, J. (1984). Cognitive and language skills in autistic, mentally retarded and normal children. Developmental Psychology, 20, 293302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, M., Hertzig, M., & Shapiro, T. (1987). Expression of emotion in young autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 255268.Google ScholarPubMed
Spiker, D., & Ricks, M. (1984). Visual self recognition in autistic children: Developmental relationships. Child Development, 55, 214225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yirmiya, N., Kasari, C., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. (in press). Facial expressions of affect in autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.Google Scholar