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Major depression, temperament, and social support as psychosocial mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2021

Eyal Abraham Open the ORCID record for Eyal Abraham [Opens in a new window] ,
Allison M. Letkiewicz ,
Priya J. Wickramaratne ,
Maya Bunyan ,
Milenna T. van Dijk ,
Marc J. Gameroff ,
Jonathan Posner ,
Ardesheer Talati  and
Myrna M. Weissman
Eyal Abraham*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Allison M. Letkiewicz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Priya J. Wickramaratne
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Maya Bunyan
Affiliation:
Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Milenna T. van Dijk
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Marc J. Gameroff
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Jonathan Posner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Ardesheer Talati
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Myrna M. Weissman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Departments of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
*
Authors for Correspondence: Eyal Abraham, Myrna M. Weissman, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 24, New York, New York 10032, USA; E-mail: eyal.abraham@nyspi.columbia.edu; myrna.weissman@nyspi.columbia.edu
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Abstract

In this three-generation longitudinal study of familial depression, we investigated the continuity of parenting styles, and major depressive disorder (MDD), temperament, and social support during childrearing as potential mechanisms. Each generation independently completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), measuring individuals’ experiences of care and overprotection received from parents during childhood. MDD was assessed prospectively, up to 38 years, using the semi-structured Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Social support and temperament were assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale – Self-Report (SAS-SR) and Dimensions of Temperament Scales – Revised, respectively. We first assessed transmission of parenting styles in the generation 1 to generation 2 cycle (G1→G2), including 133 G1 and their 229 G2 children (367 pairs), and found continuity of both care and overprotection. G1 MDD accounted for the association between G1→G2 experiences of care, and G1 social support and temperament moderated the transmission of overprotection. The findings were largely similar when examining these psychosocial mechanisms in 111 G2 and their spouses (G2+S) and their 136 children (G3) (a total of 223 pairs). Finally, in a subsample of families with three successive generations (G1→G2→G3), G2 experiences of overprotection accounted for the association between G1→G3 experiences of overprotection. The results of this study highlight the roles of MDD, temperament, and social support in the intergenerational continuity of parenting, which should be considered in interventions to “break the cycle” of poor parenting practices across generations.

Keywords

temperamentdepressionsocial supportparentingintergenerational transmission
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 5: Special Section: Leveraging Genetically Informative Study Designs to Understand the Development and Familial Transmission of Psychopathology , December 2022 , pp. 1997 - 2011
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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