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Fuel to the fire: The escalating interplay of attachment and maltreatment in the transgenerational transmission of psychopathology in families living in refugee camps

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2020

Florian Scharpf Open the ORCID record for Florian Scharpf [Opens in a new window] ,
Getrude Mkinga ,
Frank Neuner ,
Maregesi Machumu  and
Tobias Hecker Open the ORCID record for Tobias Hecker [Opens in a new window]
Florian Scharpf*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Getrude Mkinga
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Frank Neuner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Maregesi Machumu
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, Dar es salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tobias Hecker
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
*
Author for correspondence: Florian Scharpf, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501Bielefeld, Germany; E-mail: florian.scharpf@uni-bielefeld.de.
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Abstract

Maltreatment by parents can be conceptualized as pathogenic escalations of a disturbed parent–child relationship that have devastating consequences for children's development and mental health. Although parental psychopathology has been shown to be a risk factor both for maltreatment and insecure attachment representations, these factors` joint contribution to child psychopathology has not been investigated. In a sample of Burundian refugee families living in refugee camps in Western Tanzania, the associations between attachment representations, maltreatment, and psychopathology were examined by conducting structured interviews with 226 children aged 7 to 15 and both their parents. Structural equation modeling revealed that children's insecure attachment representations and maltreatment by mothers fully mediated the relation between maternal and child psychopathology [model fit: comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05]. A direct association between paternal and child psychopathology was observed (model fit: CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05). The findings suggest a vicious cycle, wherein an insecure attachment to a mother suffering from psychopathology may be linked to children's risk to be maltreated, which may reinforce insecure representations and perpetuate the pathogenic relational experience. Interventions targeting the attachment relationship and parental mental health may prevent negative child outcomes.

Keywords

attachmentchild psychopathologymaltreatmentparental psychopathologyrefugee families
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 4 , October 2021 , pp. 1308 - 1321
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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