Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-27gpq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T13:50:56.245Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cultural neurobiology and the family: Evidence from the daily lives of Latino adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2018

Leah D. Doane*
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Michael R. Sladek
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Reagan S. Breitenstein
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Hyejung Park
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Saul A. Castro
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Jennifer L. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leah D. Doane, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104; E-mail: Leah.Doane@asu.edu.

Abstract

Culturally linked family influences during adolescence are important predictors of health and well-being for Latino youth, yet few studies have examined whether these familial influences are associated with indicators of typical physiological stress processes. Following a cultural neurobiology framework, we examined the role of family in the everyday lives of Latino adolescents (N = 209; Mage = 18.10; 85.1% Mexican descent; 64.4% female) by investigating familism values and perceptions of parent support as well as daily family assistance behaviors in relation to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis diurnal patterns, indexed by salivary cortisol five times a day for 3 weekdays. Three-level growth curve analyses revealed that perceptions of parental support were associated with greater cortisol awakening responses, whereas familism values were not associated with diurnal cortisol patterns. In day-to-day analyses, assisting family during the day (compared to not assisting family) was associated with lower waking cortisol levels and flatter diurnal slopes the next day. Our findings highlight the dynamic associations and multiple time courses between cultural values and behaviors, daily experiences, and physiological stress processes for Latino adolescents. Further, we identified important cultural risk and promotive factors associated with physiological regulation in daily life and potential pathways toward health outcomes in adulthood.

Type
Special Issue Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This research was supported by the William T. Grant Foundation under Award Number 184370. This research was also conducted with the support of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01HD079520 (to L.D.D.). The authors would like to thank all of the participants and research assistants of the Transiciones project without whom this paper would not be possible. We also thank Andrea Gierens at Biochemisches Labor at the University of Trier for technical assistance with the salivary assays.

References

Adam, E. K. (2006). Transactions among adolescent trait and state emotion and diurnal and momentary cortisol activity in naturalistic settings. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 664679. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.01.010Google Scholar
Adam, E. K., Hawkley, L. C., Kudielka, B. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2006). Day-to-day dynamics of experience–cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 1705817063.Google Scholar
Adam, E. K., Heissel, J. A., Zeiders, K. H., Richeson, J. A., Ross, E. C., Ehrlich, K. B., … Eccles, J. S. (2015). Developmental histories of perceived racial discrimination and diurnal cortisol profiles in adulthood: A 20-year prospective study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 62, 279291. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.018Google Scholar
Adam, E. K., & Kumari, M. (2009). Assessing salivary cortisol in large-scale, epidemiological research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 14231436. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011Google Scholar
Adam, E. K., Quinn, M. E., Tavernier, R., McQuillan, M. T., Dahlke, K. A., & Gilbert, K. E. (2017). Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 83, 2541. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018Google Scholar
Adam, E. K., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Kendall, A. D., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., & Craske, M. G. (2014). Prospective associations between the cortisol awakening response and first onsets of anxiety disorders over a six-year follow-up—2013 Curt Richter Award Winner. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 44, 4759. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.014Google Scholar
Berkel, C., Knight, G. P., Zeiders, K. H., Tein, J., Roosa, M. W., Gonzales, N. A., & Saenz, D. (2010). Discrimination and adjustment for Mexican American adolescents: A prospective examination of the benefits of culturally related values. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 893915. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00668.xGoogle Scholar
Bernal, M. E., Knight, G. P., Garza, C. A., Ocampo, K. A., & Cota, M. K. (1990). The development of ethnic identity in Mexican-American children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 12, 324. doi:10.1177/07399863900121001Google Scholar
Boggero, I. A., Hostinar, C. E., Haak, E. A., Murphy, M. L., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2017). Psychosocial functioning and the cortisol awakening response: Meta-analysis, p-curve analysis, and evaluation of the evidential value in existing studies. Biological Psychology, 129, 207230. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.058Google Scholar
Brody, G. H., Lei, M. K., Chae, D. H., Yu, T., Kogan, S. M., & Beach, S. R. (2014). Perceived discrimination among African American adolescents and allostatic load: A longitudinal analysis with buffering effects. Child Development, 85, 9891002. doi:10.1111/cdev.12213Google Scholar
Burnett, S., Sebastian, C., Kadosh, K. C., & Blakemore, S. J. (2011). The social brain in adolescence: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 16541664. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.011Google Scholar
Bush, K. R., Peterson, G. W., Cobas, J. A., & Supple, A. J. (2002). Adolescents’ perceptions of parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent self-esteem in mainland China. Sociological Inquiry, 72, 503526. doi:10.1111/1475-682x.00031Google Scholar
Calderón-Tena, C. O., Knight, G. P., & Carlo, G. (2011). The socialization of prosocial behavioral tendencies among Mexican American adolescents: The role of familism values. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17, 98106. doi:10.1037/a0021825Google Scholar
Campos, B., & Kim, H. S. (2017). Incorporating the cultural diversity of family and close relationships into the study of health. American Psychologist, 72, 543554. doi:10.1037/amp0000122Google Scholar
Campos, B., Ullman, J. B., Aguilera, A., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2014). Familism and psychological health: The intervening role of closeness and social support. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20, 191201. doi:10.1037/a0034094Google Scholar
Causadias, J. M. (2013). A roadmap for the integration of culture into developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 13751398. doi:10.1017/s0954579413000679Google Scholar
Causadias, J. M., Telzer, E. H., & Lee, R. M. (2017). Culture and biology interplay: An introduction. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 23, 14. doi:10.1037/cdp0000121Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65, 1174.Google Scholar
Chiang, J. J., Tsai, K. M., Park, H., Bower, J. E., Almeida, D. M., Dahl, R. E., … Fuligni, A. J. (2016). Daily family stress and HPA axis functioning during adolescence: The moderating role of sleep. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 71, 4353. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.009Google Scholar
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2009). Cortisol awakening response and psychosocial factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 80, 265278. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.10.004Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2012). Physiological measures of emotion from a developmental perspective: State of the science: Neuroendocrine regulation and emotional adaptation in the context of child maltreatment. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 77, 8795. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00666.xGoogle Scholar
Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Stalder, T., Evans, P., & Thorn, L. (2010). The cortisol awakening response: More than a measure of HPA axis function. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 97103. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011Google Scholar
Clow, A., Thorn, L., Evans, P., & Hucklebridge, F. (2004). The awakening cortisol response: Methodological issues and significance. Stress, 7, 2937. doi:10.1080/10253890410001667205Google Scholar
Corona, K., Campos, B., & Chen, C. (2017). Familism is associated with psychological well-being and physical health. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 39, 4665. doi:10.1177/0739986316671297Google Scholar
Corona, R., Rodríguez, V. M., Mcdonald, S. E., Velazquez, E., Rodríguez, A., & Fuentes, V. E. (2017). Associations between cultural stressors, cultural values, and Latina/o college students’ mental health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 6377. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0600-5Google Scholar
Cupito, A. M., Stein, G. L., Gonzalez, L. M., & Supple, A. J. (2016). Familism and Latino adolescent depressive symptoms: The role of maternal warmth and support and school support. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 517523. doi:10.1037/cdp0000097Google Scholar
Dahl, R. E., & Gunnar, M. R. (2009). Heightened stress responsiveness and emotional reactivity during pubertal maturation: Implications for psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 16. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000017Google Scholar
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 15621592. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007Google Scholar
DeSantis, A. S., Adam, E. K., Mendelsohn, K. A., & Doane, L. D. (2010). Concordance between self-reported and objective wakeup times in ambulatory salivary cortisol research. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 7478. doi:10.1007/s12529-009-9053-5Google Scholar
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 355391. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355Google Scholar
Doane, L. D., Chen, F. R., Sladek, M. R., Van Lenten, S. A., & Granger, D. A. (2015). Latent trait cortisol (LTC) levels: Reliability, validity, and stability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 55, 2135. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.017Google Scholar
Doane, L. D., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M., Griffith, J. W., & Adam, E. K. (2013). Are flatter diurnal cortisol rhythms associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in late adolescence? The role of life stress and daily negative emotion. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 629642. doi:10.1017/S0033291712001213Google Scholar
Doane, L. D., Sladek, M. R., & Adam, E. (2018). An introduction to cultural neurobiology: Evidence from physiological stress systems. In Causadias, J. M., Telzer, E. H., & Gonzalez, N. A. (Eds.), The handbook of culture and biology (pp. 227254). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Doane, L. D., & Zeiders, K. H. (2014). Contextual moderators of momentary cortisol and negative affect in adolescents’ daily lives. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54, 536542. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.007Google Scholar
Dressendörfer, R. A., Kirschbaum, C., Rohde, W., Stahl, F., & Strasburger, C. J. (1992). Synthesis of a cortisol-biotin conjugate and evaluation as a tracer in an immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43, 683692. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90294-SGoogle Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Oldehinkel, A. J., & Nederhof, E. (2017). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity: An empirical test in the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey study. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 10011021. doi:10.1017/S0954579416000985Google Scholar
Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121138. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121Google Scholar
Fuligni, A. J., & Telzer, E. H. (2013). Another way family can get in the head and under the skin: The neurobiology of helping the family. Child Development Perspectives, 7, 138142. doi:10.1111/cdep.12029Google Scholar
Fuligni, A. J., Telzer, E. H., Bower, J., Irwin, M. R., Kiang, L., & Cole, S. W. (2009). Daily family assistance and inflammation among adolescents from Latin American and European backgrounds. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23, 803809. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.021Google Scholar
Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 10301044. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00075Google Scholar
Fuller, B., & Garcia Coll, C. (2010). Learning from Latinos: Contexts, families, and child development in motion. Developmental Psychology, 46, 559565. doi:10.1037/a0019412Google Scholar
Gallo, L. C., Penedo, F. J., Espinosa de los Monteros, K. E., & Arguelles, W. (2009). Resiliency in the face of disadvantage: Do Hispanic cultural characteristics protect health outcomes? Journal of Personality, 77, 17071746. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00598.xGoogle Scholar
Garcia, A. F., Wilborn, K., & Mangold, D. L. (2017). The cortisol awakening response mediates the relationship between acculturative stress and self-reported health in Mexican Americans. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, 787798. doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9901-5Google Scholar
Gonzales, N. A., Coxe, S., Roosa, M. W., White, R., Knight, G. P., Zeiders, K. H., & Saenz, D. (2011). Economic hardship, neighborhood context, and parenting: Prospective effects on Mexican–American adolescent's mental health. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 98113. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9366-1Google Scholar
Gonzales, N. A., Germán, M., & Fabrett, F. C. (2012). US Latino youth. In Chang, E. C. & Downey, C. A. (Eds.), Handbook of race and development in mental health (pp. 259278). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gonzales, N. A., Jensen, M., Montaño, Z., & Wynne, H. (2015). The cultural adaptation and mental health of Mexican American adolescents. In Caldera, Y. M. & Lindsey, E. W. (Eds.), Mexican-American children and families: Multidisciplinary perspectives. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Granger, D. A., Fortunato, C. K., Beltzer, E. K., Virag, M., Bright, M. A., & Out, D. (2012). Focus on methodology: Salivary bioscience and research on adolescence: An integrated perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 10811095. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.01.005Google Scholar
Guan, S. S. A., Bower, J. E., Almeida, D. M., Cole, S. W., Dahl, R. E., Irwin, M. R., … Fuligni, A. J. (2016). Parental support buffers the association of depressive symptoms with cortisol and C-reactive protein during adolescence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 57, 134143. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.007Google Scholar
Guan, S. S. A., & Fuligni, A. J. (2016). Changes in parent, sibling, and peer support during the transition to young adulthood. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 26, 286299. doi:10.1111/jora.12191Google Scholar
Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 199220. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00045-2Google Scholar
Gunnar, M. R., Wewerka, S., Frenn, K., Long, J. D., & Griggs, C. (2009). Developmental changes in hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 6985. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000054Google Scholar
Hackman, D. A., O'Brien, J. R., & Zalewski, M. (in press). Enduring association between parenting and cortisol: A meta-analysis. Child Development. doi:10.1111/cdev.13077Google Scholar
Hanson, M. D., & Chen, E. (2010). Daily stress, cortisol, and sleep: The moderating role of childhood psychosocial environments. Health Psychology, 29, 394402. doi:10.1037/a0019879Google Scholar
Hostinar, C. E., Johnson, A. E., & Gunnar, M. R. (2015). Parent support is less effective in buffering cortisol stress reactivity for adolescents compared to children. Developmental Science, 18, 281297. doi:10.1111/desc.12195Google Scholar
Hostinar, C. E., Sullivan, R. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2014). Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the social buffering of the HPA axis: A review of animal models and human studies across development. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 256282. doi:10.1037/a0032671Google Scholar
Hruschka, D. J., Kohrt, B. A., & Worthman, C. M. (2005). Estimating between- and within-individual variation in cortisol levels using multilevel models. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 698714. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.002Google Scholar
Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2012). Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2011. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.Google Scholar
Kapke, T. L., Grace, M. A., Gerdes, A. C., & Lawton, K. E. (2017). Latino early adolescent mental health: Examining the impact of family functioning, familism, and global self-worth. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 5, 2744. doi:10.1037/lat0000057Google Scholar
Kline, G. C., Killoren, S. E., & Alfaro, E. C. (2016). Perceived parental psychological control, familism values, and Mexican American college students’ adjustment. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 524532. doi:10.1037/cdp0000096Google Scholar
Knight, G. P., Gonzales, N. A., Saenz, D. S., Bonds, D. D., Germán, M., Deardorff, J., … Updegraff, K. A. (2010). The Mexican American cultural values scale for adolescents and adults. Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 444481. doi:10.1177/0272431609338178Google Scholar
Knight, G. P., Jacobson, R. P., Gonzales, N. A., Roosa, M. W., & Saenz, D. S. (2009). An evaluation of the psychological research on acculturation and enculturation processes among recently immigrating populations. In Dalla, R. L., DeFrain, J., Johnson, J., & Abbott, D. A. (Eds.), Strengths and challenges of new immigrant families: Implications for research, policy, education, and service (pp. 931). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Korous, K. M., Causadias, J. M., & Casper, D. M. (2017). Racial discrimination and cortisol output: A meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 193, 90100. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.042Google Scholar
Kudielka, B. M., Broderick, J. E., & Kirschbaum, C. (2003). Compliance with saliva sampling protocols: Electronic monitoring reveals invalid cortisol daytime profiles in noncompliant subjects. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 313319. doi:10.1037/e413812005-399Google Scholar
Kumari, M., Shipley, M., Stafford, M., & Kivimaki, M. (2011). Association of diurnal patterns in salivary cortisol with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: Findings from the Whitehall II study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96, 14781485. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2137Google Scholar
Kwak, Y., Taylor, Z. E., Anaya, L. Y., Feng, Y., Evich, C. D., & Jones, B. L. (2017). Cumulative family stress and diurnal cortisol responses in midwest Latino families. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 39, 8297. doi:10.1177/0739986316684130Google Scholar
Maas, C. J. M., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Methodology, 1, 8692. doi:10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86Google Scholar
Marceau, K., Dorn, L. D., & Susman, E. J. (2012). Stress and puberty-related hormone reactivity, negative emotionality, and parent–adolescent relationships. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 12861298. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.001Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 420430. doi:10.1177/1745691610375557Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840, 3344. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.xGoogle Scholar
McHale, S. M., Blocklin, M. K., Walter, K. N., Davis, K. D., Almeida, D. M., & Klein, L. C. (2012). The role of daily activities in youths' stress physiology. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 623628. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.03.016Google Scholar
McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Kim, J. Y., & Cansler, E. (2009). Cultural orientations, daily activities, and adjustment in Mexican American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 627641. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9321-8Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Future directions in childhood adversity and youth psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45, 361382. doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., Alves, S., & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Child maltreatment and autonomic nervous system reactivity: Identifying dysregulated stress reactivity patterns by using the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 538546. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000098Google Scholar
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 2545. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25Google Scholar
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user's guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Author.Google Scholar
Neblett, E. W., Rivas-Drake, D., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2012). The promise of racial and ethnic protective factors in promoting ethnic minority youth development. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 295303. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00239.xGoogle Scholar
Nicolson, N. A. (2008). Measurement of cortisol. In Luecken, L. J. & Gallo, L. C. (Eds.), Handbook of physiological research methods in health psychology (pp. 3774). New York: Sage.Google Scholar
Oberle, E. (2018) Social-emotional competence and early adolescents’ peer acceptance in school: Examining the role of afternoon cortisol. PLOS ONE, 13, 112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192639Google Scholar
Ong, A. D., Phinney, J. S., & Dennis, J. (2006). Competence under challenge: Exploring the protective influence of parental support and ethnic identity in Latino college students. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 961979. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.010Google Scholar
Padilla, J., McHale, S. M., Rovine, M. J., Updegraff, K. A., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Parent–youth differences in familism values from adolescence into young adulthood: Developmental course and links with parent–youth conflict. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 24172430. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0518-yGoogle Scholar
Papp, L. M., Pendry, P., & Adam, E. K. (2009). Mother-adolescent physiological synchrony in naturalistic settings: Within-family cortisol associations and moderators. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 882894. doi:10.1037/a0017147Google Scholar
Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about U.S. ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918927. doi:10.1037//0003-066x.51.9.918Google Scholar
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 916931. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00108-7Google Scholar
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 330366. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.230Google Scholar
Roberts, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chen, Y. R. (1997). Ethnocultural differences in prevalence of adolescent depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 95110. doi:10.1023/A:1024649925737Google Scholar
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Romero, A. J., & Ruiz, M. (2007). Does familism lead to increased parental monitoring? Protective factors for coping with risky behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 143154. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9074-5Google Scholar
Ross, K. M., Murphy, M. L., Adam, E. K., Chen, E., & Miller, G. E. (2014). How stable are diurnal cortisol activity indices in healthy individuals? Evidence from three multi-wave studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39, 184193. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.016Google Scholar
Sabogal, F., Marin, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Marin, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturaton: What changes and what doesn't? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 397412. doi:10.1177/07399863870094003Google Scholar
Santiago, C. D., Brewer, S. K., Fuller, A. K., Torres, S. A., Papadakis, J. L., & Ros, A. M. (2016). Stress, coping, and mood among Latino adolescents: A daily diary study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 27, 566580. doi:10.1111/jora.12294Google Scholar
Santiago, C. D., Torres, S. A., Brewer, S. K., Fuller, A. K., & Lennon, J. M. (2016). The effect of cultural factors on daily coping and involuntary responses to stress among low-income Latino adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 44, 872887. doi:10.1002/jcop.21814Google Scholar
Saxbe, D. E., Margolin, G., Spies Shapiro, L., Ramos, M., Rodriguez, A., & Iturralde, E. (2014). Relative influences: Patterns of HPA axis concordance during triadic family interaction. Health Psychology, 33, 273281. doi:10.1037/a0033509Google Scholar
Saxbe, D. E., Negriff, S., Susman, E. J., & Trickett, P. K. (2015). Attenuated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning predicts accelerated pubertal development in girls 1 year later. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 819828. doi:10.1017/S0954579414000790Google Scholar
Scherbaum, C. A., & Ferreter, J. M. (2009). Estimating statistical power and required sample sizes for organizational research using multilevel modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 12, 347367. doi:10.1177/1094428107308906Google Scholar
Schmidt-Reinwald, A., Pruessner, J. C., Hellhammer, D. H., Federenko, I., Rohleder, N., Schürmeyer, T. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (1999). The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm. Life Sciences, 64, 16531660. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00103-4Google Scholar
Schuler, K. L., Ruggero, C. J., Goldstein, B. L., Perlman, G., Klein, D. N., & Kotov, R. (2017). Diurnal cortisol interacts with stressful events to prospectively predict depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61, 767772. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.06.005Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. J., Weisskirch, R. S., Hurley, E. A., Zamboanga, B. L., Park, I. J. K., Kim, S. Y., … Greene, A. D. (2010). Communalism, familism, and filial piety: Are they birds of a collectivists feather? Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority, Psychology, 16, 548560. doi:10.1037/a0021370Google Scholar
Seltzer, L. J., Ziegler, T. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2010). Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, Biological Sciences, 277, 26612666. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0567Google Scholar
Shirtcliff, E. A., Skinner, M. L., Obasi, E. M., & Haggerty, K. P. (2017). Positive parenting predicts cortisol functioning six years later in young adults. Developmental Science, 20. doi:10.1111/desc.12461Google Scholar
Sladek, M. R., & Doane, L. D. (2015). Daily diary reports of social connection, objective sleep, and diurnal cortisol activity during adolescents first year of college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 298316. doi:10.1037/e500122015-065Google Scholar
Smart Richman, L., Pek, J., Pascoe, E., & Bauer, D. J. (2010). The effects of perceived discrimination on ambulatory blood pressure and affective responses to interpersonal stress modeled over 24 hours. Health Psychology, 29, 403411. doi:10.1037/a0019045Google Scholar
Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling (2nd ed.). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Spies, L. A., Margolin, G., Susman, E. J., & Gordis, E. B. (2011). Adolescents' cortisol reactivity and subjective distress in response to family conflict: The moderating role of internalizing symptoms. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49, 386392. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.01.014Google Scholar
Stalder, T., Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Adam, E. K., Pruessner, J. C., Wüst, S., … Clow, A. (2016). Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Expert consensus guidelines. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 63, 414432. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.010Google Scholar
Stein, G. L., Cupito, A. M., Mendez, J. L., Prandoni, J., Huq, N., & Westerberg, D. (2014). Familism through a developmental lens. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2, 224250. doi:10.1037/lat0000025Google Scholar
Steinberg, L. (2000). Gallagher lecture. The family at adolescence: Transition and transformation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27, 170178. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00115-9Google Scholar
Stetler, C., & Miller, G. E. (2005). Blunted cortisol response to awakening in mild to moderate depression: Regulatory influences of sleep patterns and social contacts. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 697705. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.697Google Scholar
Stroud, C. B., Chen, F. R., Doane, L. D., & Granger, D. A. (2018). Early adversity and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: Mediation by individual differences in latent trait cortisol. Development and Psychopathology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1017/S0954579418000044Google Scholar
Stroud, L. R., Foster, E., Papandonatos, G. D., Handwerger, K., Granger, D. A., Kivlighan, K. T., & Niaura, R. (2009). Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 4768. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000042Google Scholar
Suárez-Orozco, C., & Suárez-Orozco, M. M. (1995). Transformations: Immigration, family life, and achievement motivation among Latino adolescents. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Susman, E. J. (2006). Psychobiology of persistent antisocial behavior: Stress, early vulnerabilities and the attenuation hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 376389. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.08.002Google Scholar
Taylor, Z. E., Larsen-Rife, D., Conger, R. D., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Familism, interparental conflict, and parenting in Mexican-origin families: A cultural–contextual framework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74, 312327. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00958.xGoogle Scholar
Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2009a). A longitudinal daily diary study of family assistance and academic achievement among adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 560571. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9391-7Google Scholar
Telzer, E. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2009b). Daily family assistance and the psychological well-being of adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 45, 11771189. doi:10.1037/a0014728Google Scholar
Telzer, E. H., Gonzales, N., & Fuligni, A. J. (2014). Family obligation values and family assistance behaviors: Protective and risk factors for Mexican–American adolescents’ substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 270283. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9941-5Google Scholar
Telzer, E. H., Masten, C. L., Berkman, E. T., Lieberman, M. D., & Fuligni, A. J. (2010). Gaining while giving: An fMRI study of the rewards of family assistance among White and Latino youth. Social Neuroscience, 5, 508518. doi:10.1080/17470911003687913Google Scholar
Telzer, E. H., Tsai, K. M., Gonzales, N., & Fuligni, A. J. (2015). Mexican American adolescents’ family obligation values and behaviors: Links to internalizing symptoms across time and context. Developmental Psychology, 51, 75-86. doi:10.1037/a0038434Google Scholar
Tsai, K. M., Telzer, E. H., Gonzales, N. A., & Fuligni, A. J. (2013). Adolescents daily assistance to the family in response to maternal need. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75, 964980. doi:10.1111/jomf.12035Google Scholar
Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Alfaro, E. C., Bámaca, M. Y., & Guimond, A. B. (2009). The central role of familial ethnic socialization in Latino adolescents’ cultural orientation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 4660. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00579.xGoogle Scholar
Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Fine, M. A. (2001). Methodological implications of grouping Latino adolescents into one collective ethnic group. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 23, 347362. doi:10.1177/0739986301234001Google Scholar
Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., Whiteman, S. D., Thayer, S. M., & Delgado, M. Y. (2005). Adolescent sibling relationships in Mexican American families: Exploring the role of familism. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 512522. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.19.4.512Google Scholar
Updegraff, K. A., Sally, I., Kuo, C., McHale, S. M., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Wheeler, L. A. (2017). Parents' traditional cultural values and Mexican-origin young adults' routine health and dental care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60, 513519. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.012Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. (2015). Projections of the size and composition of the U.S. population: 2014 to 2060. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Valdivieso-Mora, E., Peet, C. L., Garnier-Villarreal, M., Salazar-Villanea, M., & Johnson, D. K. (2016). A systematic review of the relationship between familism and mental health outcomes in Latino population. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01632Google Scholar
Van Lenten, S. A., & Doane, L. D. (2016). Examining multiple sleep behaviors and diurnal salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: Within-and between-person associations. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68, 100110. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.017Google Scholar
Vélez-Agosto, N. M., Soto-Crespo, J. G., Vizcarrondo-Oppenheimer, M., Vega-Molina, S., & Garcia Coll, C. (2017). Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory revision: Moving culture from the macro into the micro. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 900910. doi:10.1177/1745691617704397Google Scholar
Viner, R. M., Ozer, E. M., Denny, S., Marmot, M., Resnick, M., Fatusi, A., & Currie, C. (2012). Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet, 379, 16411652. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60149-4Google Scholar
Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Doane, L. D., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., & Adam, E. K. (2013). The cortisol awakening response predicts major depression: Predictive stability over a 4-year follow-up and effect of depression history. Psychological Medicine, 43, 483493. doi:10.1017/S0033291712001213Google Scholar
Weisner, T. S., García Coll, C., & Chatman-Nelson, C. (2010). Theoretical perspectives on the macrosystem. In Kreider, H., Lopez, M. E., Weiss, H. B., & Chatman-Nelson, C. (Eds.), Preparing educators to engage families: Case studies using an ecocultural systems framework (pp. 8496). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Wheeler, L. A., Zeiders, K. H., Updegraff, K. A., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Rodríguez de Jesús, S. A., & Perez-Brena, N. J. (2017). Mexican-origin youth's risk behavior from adolescence to young adulthood: The role of familism values. Developmental Psychology, 53, 126137. doi:10.1037/dev0000251Google Scholar
Zeiders, K. H., Causadias, J. M., & White, R. M. (2018). The health correlates of culture: Examining the association between ethnic-racial identity and diurnal cortisol slopes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62, 349351. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.020Google Scholar
Zeiders, K. H., Doane, L. D., & Roosa, M. W. (2012). Perceived discrimination and diurnal cortisol: Examining relations among Mexican American adolescents. Hormones and Behavior, 61, 541548. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.018Google Scholar
Zeiders, K. H., Updegraff, K. A., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., McHale, S. M., & Padilla, J. (2015). Familism values, family time, and Mexican-origin young adults’ depressive symptoms. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78, 91106. doi:10.1111/jomf.12248Google Scholar
Zeiders, K. H., Updegraff, K. A., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Wheeler, L. A., Perez-Brena, N. J., & Rodríguez, S. A. (2013). Mexican-origin youths’ trajectories of depressive symptoms: The role of familism values. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 648654. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.008Google Scholar