Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T09:46:11.368Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Coping with Global Debt Crises: Debt Settlements, 1820 to 1986

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Christian Suter
Affiliation:
University of Zurich
Hanspeter Stamm
Affiliation:
University of Zurich

Extract

The settlement of the external debt of insolvent sovereign borrowers has become one of the most important issues in relations between the north and south since the outbreak of the global debt crisis in the early 1980s. For the past eight years representatives of governments and international organizations, bankers, and scientists have suggested several proposals and plans to solve the present debt crisis. The most prominent schemes in this respect are the Baker Plan of 1985, which suggested massive new credits for the most highly indebted developing countries, and the recently adopted Brady Plan, which proposes partial debt discounts and reductions in interest rates. Both of these debt settlement proposals were initiated by the United States and are supported by the other principal creditor countries. However, despite the ten years of crisis management, world leaders have not yet agreed upon a longterm solution to the current debt problems. In the history of the capitalist world economy, the current problems of coping with a global debt crisis do not represent a unique event. Rather, recent empirical studies demonstrate that sovereign borrowers have experienced many instances of debt-servicing difficulties during the past 150 years (Eichengreen and Portes 1986; White 1986; Eichengreen and Lindert 1989; Marichal 1989; Suter 1989).

Type
Imposing the Rules of Economic Behavior
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aggarwal, Vinod K. 1989. “Interpreting the History of Mexico's External Debt Crises,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The Internationa! Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 140188. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Aronson, Jonathan David. 1985. “Muddling Through the Debt Decade,” in Hollist, W. Ladd and Tullis, F. LaMond, eds., An International Political Economy (International Political Economy Yearbook, Vol. 1), 127151. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Association, Beige (Association Beige pour la Defense des Détenteurs de Fonds Publics). Rapports. 19491975. Anvers: Association Beige.Google Scholar
Association, Francçais (Association Nationale des Porteurs Français de Valeurs Mobiliers). Rapports. 19501975. Paris: Association Nationale.Google Scholar
Bazant, Jan. 1968. Historia de la Deuda Exterior de Mexico 1823–1946. México: El Colegio de Mexico.Google Scholar
Bergsten, C. Fred; Cline, William R.; and John, Williamson 1985. Bank Lending to Developing Countries. The Policy Alternatives. Washington D.C.: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Bird, Graham. 1987. “Interest Rate Compensation and Debt: Would a Cap Fit?World Development, 15:9, 1237–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittermann, Henry 1973. The Refunding of International Debt. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Borchardt, Edwin. 1951. State Insolvency and Foreign Bondholders, vol. l of General Principles. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Born, Karl Erich. 1986. “Erfahrungen aus internationalen Finanzkrisen der Vergangenheit,” in Gutowski, Armin, ed., Die Internationale Schuldenkrise, 929. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot.Google Scholar
Brandt, Commission (Independent Commission on International Development Issues). 1980. North-South: A Programme for Survival. London: Pan.Google Scholar
Brandt, Commission. 1983. Common Crisis, North-South: Cooperation for World Recovery. London: Pan.Google Scholar
Buckley, Walter. 1967. Sociology and Modern Systems Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Camdessus, Michel. 1986. “Debt: Are We at the End of the Crisis?European Economic Review, 30: 469–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardoso, Eliana A.; and Dornbusch, Rudiger 1989. “Brazilian Debt Crises: Past and Present,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 106139. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Castro, Fidel. 1985. Nada podrá detener la marcha de la historia. Texto integro de la entrevista concedida por Fidel Castro al academico Jeffrey Elliot y al congresista Mervyn Dymally. La Habanna: Ed. Politica.Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, Christopher. 1989. Global Formation: Structures of the World-Economy. Cambridge and Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cizauskas, Albert C. 1979. “International Debt Renegotiation: Lessons from the Past.” World Development, 7:2, 199210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cline, William R. 1981. “Economic Stabilization in Peru, 1975–78,” in Cline, William R. and Weintraub, Sidney, eds., Economic Stabilization in Developing Countries, 297334Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Cline, William R.. 1984. International Debt: Systemic Risk and Policy Response. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Corporation of Foreign Bondholders (CFB). Annual Reports of the Council, 1873–1985. London: Corporation of Foreign Bondholders.Google Scholar
Dhonte, Pierre 1975. “Describing External Debt Situation: A Roll-Over Approach.” IMF Staff Papers, 22: 159–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dornbusch, Rudiger. 1989. “The Latin American Debt Problem: Anatomy and Solutions,” in Stallings, Barbara and Kaufman, Robert, eds., Debt and Democracy in Latin America, 722, Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry; and Lindert, Peter H., eds. 1989. The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry; and Richard, Portes. 1986. “Debt and Default in the 1930s: Causes and Consequences.” European Economic Review, 30: 599640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry; and Richard, Portes. 1989. “After the Deluge: Default, Negotiation, and Readjustment during the Interwar Years,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 1247. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E.; and Ricardo, Ffrench-Davis, eds. 1988. Development and External Debt in Latin America. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Feis, Herbert. 1930. Europe: The World's Banker 1870–1914. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fishlow, Albert. 1986. “Lessons From the Past: Capital Markets During the 19th Century and the Interwar Period,” in Kahler, Miles, ed., The Politics of International Debt, 3793. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fishlow, Albert. 1989. “Conditionally and Willingness to Pay: Some Parallels from the 1890s,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 86–105. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Frenkel, M. (1989). “The International Debt Problem: An Analysis of the Brady Plan.” lntereconomics, 05/06, 110116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith-Jones, S. 1989. “Options for Dealing with the Debt Problem of Middle-Income Countries.” European Journal of Development Research 1:2, 97108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guillen, Pierre. 1972. Les Emprunts Marocains 1902–1904. Paris: Edition Richelieu.Google Scholar
Hankel, Wilhelm. 1984. Gegenkurs: Von der Schuldenkrise zur Vollbeschdftigung. Berlin: Siedler.Google Scholar
Hansen, S. 1989. “Debt for Nature Swaps.” Ecological Economics, 1: 275–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, Chandra S. 1982. Rescheduling Developing-Country Debts, 1956–1981: Lessons and Recommendations (Monograph/Overseas Development Council, No. 15). Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Hojman, David. 1987. “Why the Latin American Countries Will Never Form a Debtors' Cartel.” Kyklos, 40:2, 198218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holler, Manfred. 1989. “Why the Latin American Countries Do Not Form a Debtors' Cartel.” Kyklos, 42:1, 89102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IMF, . 1981. External Indebtedness of Developing Countries (Occasional Paper 3). Washington, D.C.: IMF.Google Scholar
IMF, . 1985. Recent Developments in External Debt Restructurations (Occasional Paper 40). Washington, D.C.: IMF.Google Scholar
IMF, . 1986. International Capital Markets: Developments and Prospects (Occasional Paper 43). Washington, D.C.: IMF.Google Scholar
IMF, . 1988. Multilateral Official Debt Rescheduling: Recent Experience (World Economic and Financial Survey, May 1988). Washington, D.C.: IMF.Google Scholar
IMF, . Survey, 18:12 (June 12). Washington, D.C.: IMF.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, Erika; and Jeoffrey, Sachs. 1989. “Default and Renegotiation of Latin American Foreign Bonds in the Interwar Period,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 4885. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Kahler, Miles, ed. 1986. The Politics of International Debt. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kaletsky, Anatole. 1985. The Costs of Default. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.Google Scholar
Kenen, Peter. 1983. “A Bailout Plan for the Banks.” The New York Times, March 6.Google Scholar
Kenen, Peter. (1990). “Organizing Debt Relief: The Need for a New Institution.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4:1, 718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, Paul. 1987. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles Poor. 1973. The World in Depression 1929–1939. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles Poor. 1978. Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koerner, Peter; Gero, Mass; Thomas Siebold; and Rainer Tetzlaff. 1984. Im Teufelskreis der Verschuldung: Der Internationale Wdhrungsfonds und die Dritte Welt. Hamburg: Junius.Google Scholar
Landes, David S. 1958. Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt. London: William Heinemann.Google Scholar
Lindert, Peter H. 1989. “Response to Debt Crisis: What is Different about the 1980s?” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 227–75. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Lipson, Charles. 1981. “The International Organization of Third World Debt.” International Organization, 35:4, 603–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipson, Charles. 1985. Standing Guard: Protecting Foreign Capital in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lipson, Charles. 1989. “International Debt and National Security: Comparing Victorian Britain and Postwar America,” in Eichengreen, Barry and Lindert, Peter H., eds., The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, 189226. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Google Scholar
Marichal, Carlos. 1989. A Century of Debt Crises in Latin America: From Independence to the Great Depression, 1820–1930. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Modelski, George. 1978. “The Long Cycle of Global Politics and the Nation State.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20:2, 214–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Neill, Helen, ed. 1989. “Third World Debt: How Sustainable are Current Strategies and Solutions?” European Journal of Development Research, 1:2.Google Scholar
Padoan, Pier Carlo. 1986. The Political Economy of International Financial Instability. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Sevket. 1987. The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism 1820–1913: Trade, Investment and Production. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Parhizgari, Ali M. 1988. “Debt Swaps: Innovative Proposals.” Economic Impact, 2: 4246.Google Scholar
Pastor, Robert A., ed. 1987. Latin America's Debt Crisis: Adjusting to the Past or Planning for the Future? Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfister, Ulrich; and Christian, Suter. 1986. Verschuldung im Weltsystem: Eine systemtheoretische Analyse der internationalen Finanzbeziehungen. Schlussbericht zum Nationalfondsprojekt, “Zu Struktur und Wandel des Weltsystems seit 1960” (Gesuchnummer 1.060–0.84). Zürich: Soziologisches Institut der Universitat Zürich.Google Scholar
Pfister, Ulrich; and Christian, Suter. 1987. “International Financial Relations as Part of the World-System.” International Studies Quarterly, 31:3, 239–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radke, Johannes; and Peter, Sauer. 1980. “The Influence of the Colonial Powers in Liberia Before the First World War,” in Hinzen, Eckhard and Kappel, Robert, eds., Dependence, Underdevelopment and Persistent Conflict—On the Political Economy of Liberia (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Übersee-Museum Bremen, Series F, Vol. 11). Bremen: Übersee-Museum.Google Scholar
Sachs, Jeffrey D. 1989. “Making the Brady Plan Work.” Foreign Affairs, 68: 87104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachs, Jeffrey D.. 1990. “A Strategy for Efficient Debt Reduction.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4:1, 1929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheetz, Thomas. 1986. Peru and the International Monetary Fund. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Stallings, Barbara. 1987. Banker to the Third World: U.S. Portfolio Investment in Latin America, 1900–1986. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stamm, Hanspeter. 1987. Kooperation und Konflikt im Weltfinanzsystem: Eine Analyse multilateraler Umschuldungsaktionen seit 1956 (Unpublished Thesis). Zurich: Sociological Institute, University of Zurich.Google Scholar
Suter, Christian. 1989. “Long Waves in Core-Periphery Relationships within the International Financial System: Debt-Default Cycles of Sovereign Borrowers.” Review, 12:1, 149.Google Scholar
Suter, Christian. 1990. Schuldenzyklen in der Dritten Welt: Kreditaufnahme, Zahlungskrisen und Schuldenregelungen peripherer Lônder im Weltsystem von 1820 bis 1986 (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Zurich). Frankfurt: Anton Hain. English edition forthcoming as Debt Cycles in the World Economy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Suter, Christian; Ulrich, Pfister; and Volker, Bornschier. 1988. “International Financing in the 1980's: A World-System Perspective,” in Singer, H.W., Hatti, Neelambar, and Tandon, Rameshwar, eds., Resource Transfer and Debt Trap, P. 1, 2059 (New World Order Series 5). New Delhi: Ashish.Google Scholar
Suter, Christian; Hanspeter, Stamm; and Ulrich, Pfister. 1990. “External Public Debt of the Periphery: A Recurrent Problem of World Society,” in Bornschier, Volker and Lengyel, Peter, eds., World Society Studies, Vol. 1, 250–84. New York: Campus.Google Scholar
Thobie, Jacques. 1980. “Finance et Politique Exterieure: l'Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane 1881–1914,” in Okyar, Osman and Inalcik, Halil, eds., Social and Economic History of Turkey (1071–1920), 311–22. Ankara: Meteksan.Google Scholar
Union des Porteurs Français de Rentes Portugaises. 1893. Réunion plénière des Créanciers de la dette extérieure portugaise du 20 Juin 1893 à I'Hotel Continental Paris. Paris.Google Scholar
Voss, Thomas. 1985. Rationale Akteure und soziale lnstitutionen. Munich: Oldenbourg.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1983. “The Three Instances of Hegemony in the History of the Capitalist World-Economy.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 24: 12, 100–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, John; and Charles, Ragin. 1990. “Global and National Sources of Political Protest: Third World Responses to the Debt Crisis.” American Sociological Review, 55:6, 876–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, E.N. 1986. “Latin America's Debt Crisis of the 1930s: Lessons for the 1980s, in Berend, Ivan and Borchardt, Knut, eds., The Impact of the Depression of the 1930's and its Relevance for the Contemporary World (Comparative Studies Pre pared for the A/5 Session of the Ninth International Economic History Congress, 24–29 August, 1986, Bern Switzerland), 484–96. Budapest: Karl Marx University of Economics.Google Scholar
Winkler, Max. 1933. Foreign Bonds: An Autopsy. Philadelphia: Roland Swain.Google Scholar
Wynne, William H. 1951. State Insolvency and Foreign Bondholders, Vol. II of selected Case Histories of Governmental Foreign Bond Defaults and Debt Readjustments. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar