Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:43:00.166Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neuropsychology and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Bruce Hermann  and
Michael Seidenberg
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to review aspects of the neuropsychology of temporal lobe epilepsy. Evidence will be presented to demonstrate that the cognitive consequences of this focal seizure disorder can be more generalized in nature than expected. Consistent with the extratemporal neurocognitive findings, careful quantitative magnetic resonance imaging volumetrics have shown that structural brain changes may be detected outside the temporal lobes. Many factors can potentially affect cognition and brain structure. We focus on the potential neurodevelopmental impact of early-onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and cognition positing that this disorder can have both immediate and lifespan implications for cognition and psychosocial status.

Type
Feature Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 7 , Issue 5 , May 2002 , pp. 343 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Hauser, WA, Hesdorffer, DC. Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences. New York, NY: Demos Publications; 1990.Google Scholar
2.Holmes, GL, Engel, J Jr.Predicting medical intractability of epilepsy in children: how certain can we be? Neurology, 2001;56:1430–1431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Begley, CE, Famulari, M, Annegers, JF, et al.The cost of epilepsy in the United States: an estimate from population-based clinical and survey data. Epilepsia. 2000;41:342–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference. Surgery for Epilepsy. 1990;8:1–20.Google Scholar
5.Living Well with Epilepsy: Report of the 1997 national conference on public health and epilepsy. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control; 1997.Google Scholar
6.White House. (2000). Curing epilepsy: Focus on the future. Bethesda, MD: NIH.Google Scholar
7.Engel, J. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies. 2ed. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1993.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Engel, J. Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies: Summary of the Second International Palm Desert Conference on the Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies (1992). Neurology. 1996;43:1612–1617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Engel, J. Surgery for seizures. New Eng J Med. 1996;334:647–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Wieser, HG, Engel, J, PD, Williamson, TL, Babb, Gloor, P. Surgically remediable temporal lobe syndromes. In: Engel, J, ed. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1993;49–63.Google Scholar
11.French, JA, PD, Williamson, VM, Thadani, et al.Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination. Ann Neurol. 1993:34:774–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Chelune, GJ. Hippocampal adequacy versus functional reserve: predicting memory functions following temporal lobectomy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 1995;10:413–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Hermann, B, Seidenberg, M, Schoenfeld, J, Davies, K. Neuropsychological characteristics of the syndrome of mesial temporal sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:369–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Schoenfeld, J, Seidenberg, M, Woodard, A, et al.Neuropsychological and behavioral status of children with complex partial seizures. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41:724–731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Hermann, BP, Seidenberg, M, Schoenfeld, J, Davies, K. Neuropsychological characteristics of the syndrome of mesial temporal sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:369–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Hermann, BP, Seidenberg, M, Bell, B. The neurodevelopmental impact of childhood onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and function and the risk of progressive cognitive effects. Prog Brain Res. In Press.Google Scholar
17.Jack, CR. FW, Sharbrough, GD, Cascino, KA, Hirschorn, PC, O'Brien, Marsh, WR. Magnetic resonance image-based hippocampal volumetry: Correlation with outcome after temporal lobectomy. Ann Neurol. 1992;31:138–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Quigg, M, EH, Bertram, Jackson, T, Laws, E. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bilateral hippocampal atrophy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1997;38:588–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Tasch, E, Cendes, F, LM, Li, Dubeau, F, Andermann, F, Arnold, DL. Neuroimaging evidence of progressive neuronal loss and dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 1999;45:568–576.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Woermann, FG, GJ, Barker, KD, Birnie, HJ, Meencke, Duncan, JS. Regional changes in hippocampal T2 relaxation and volume: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 65:656–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Kalviainen, R, Salmenpera, T, Partanen, K, Vainio, P, Riekkinen, P, Pitkanen, A. MRI volumetry and T2 relaxometry of the amygdala in newly diagnosed and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1997;28:39–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Martin, R, JW, Hugg, DL, Roth, Bilar, E, FG, Gilliam, Faught, E, Kuzneicky, R. MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1999;5:540–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Kuzniecky, R, Bilir, E, Gilliam, F, Faught, E, Martin, R. Hugg, J. Quantitative MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence for fornix atrophy. Neurology. 1999;53:496–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Bernasconi, N, Bernasconi, A, Andermann, F, Dubeau, F, Feindel, W, Reutens, DC. Entorhinal cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy: a quantitative MRI study. Neurology. 1999;52:1870–1876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.DeCarli, C, Hatta, J, Fazilat, S. Fazilat, S, WD, Gaillard, Theodore, WH. Extratemporal atrophy in patients with complex partial seizures of left temporal origin. Ann Neurol. 1998;43:41–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Moran, NF, Lemieux, L, ND, Kitchen, DR, Fish, Shorvon, SD. Extrahippocampal temporal lobe atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis. Brain. 2001;124:167–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Bohnen, NI, TJ, O'Brien, BP, Mullan, So EL Cerebellar changes in partial seizures: clinical correlation of quantitative SPECT and MRI analysis. Epilepsia. 1998;39:640–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Ney, GC, Lantos, G, WB, Barr, Schaul, N. Cerebellar atrophy in patients with long term phenytoin exposure and epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 2000:51:767–771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Sandok, EK. TJ, O'Brien, CR, Jack, So, EL. Significance of cerebellar atrophy in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: a quantitative MRI study. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1315–1320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Specht, U, May, T, Schulz, R, et al. 1997). Cerebellar atrophy and prognosis after temporal lobe resection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62:501–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Marsh, L, MJ, Morrell, PK, Shear, et al.Cortical and hippocampal volume deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1997;38:576–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Lee, JW, Andermann, F, Dubeau, F, et al.Morphometric analysis of the temporal lobe in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1998;39:727–736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Sisodiya, SM, Moran, N, SL, Free, et al.Correlation of widespread preoperative magnetic resonance imaging changes with unsuccessful surgery for hippocampal sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1997;41:490–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Fox, JT. The response of epileptic children to mental and educational tests. Br J Med Psychol. 1924:4:235–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Dikmen, S, CG, Matthews, Harley, JP. The effect of early versus late onset of major motor epilepsy upon cognitive-intellectual performance. Epilepsia. 1975;16:73–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Dikmen, S, CG, Matthews, Harley, JP. Effect of early versus late onset of major motor epilepsy on cognitive-intellectual performance: further considerations. Epilepsia. 1977:18:31–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Dodrill, CB, Matthews, CG. The role of neuropsychology in the assessment and treatment of persons with epilepsy. Am Psychol. 1992:47:1139–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Lennox, WG. Epilepsy and Related Disorders. Vol 2. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown and Co; 1960.Google Scholar
39.Glosser, G, LC, Cole, AJ, Saykin, Sperling, M. Predictors of intellectual performance in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1997;9:252–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.DS, O'Leary, Seidenberg, M, Berent, S, Boll, TJ. Effects of age of onset of tonicclonic seizures on neuropsychological performance in children. Epilepsia. 1981;22:197–204.Google Scholar
41.Hermann, B, Seidenberg, M, Bell, B, et al.The neurodevelopmental impact of childhood onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and function. Epilepsia. In press.Google Scholar
42.Mathern, GW, PD, Adelson, LD, Cahan, Leite, JP. Hippocampal neuron damage in human epilepsy: Meyer's hypothesis revisited. Prog Brain Res. In press.Google Scholar
43.Theodore, TH, Gaillard, WD. Neuroimaging and the progression of epilepsy. Prog Brain Res. In press.Google Scholar
44.Peterson, BS, Vohr, B, LH, Staib, et al Regional brain volume abnormalities and long-term cognitive outcome in preterm infants. JAMA. 2000;284:1939–1947.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45.Stores, G, PL, Williams, Styles, E, Zaiwalla, Z. Psychological effects of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in epilepsy. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:1330–1337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Kolk, A, Beilmann, A, Tomberg, T, Napa, A, Talvik, T. Neurocognitive development of children with congenital unilateral brain lesion and epilepsy. Brain Dev. 2001;23:88–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Hoare, P. Psychiatric disturbance in the families of epileptic children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1984;26:14–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Hoare, P. The development of psychiatric disorder among schoolchildren with epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1984;26:3–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Austin, JK, Harezlak, J, DW, Dunn, Huster, GA. DF, Rose, Ambrosius, WT. Behavior problems in children before first recognized seizures. Pediatrics. 107:115–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Lawson, JA, Vogrin, S, AF, Bleasel, et al.Predictors of hippocampal, cerebral, and cerebellar volume reduction in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1540–1545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Austin, JK, Dunn, DW. Progressive behavior change in epilepsy. Prog Brain Res. In press.Google Scholar
52.Choi, D, DG, Na, HS, Byun, et al.White-matter change in mesial temporal sclerosis: correlation of MRI with PET, pathology, and clinical features. Epilepsia. 1999;40:1634–1641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Breier, JI, CM, Leonard, RM, Bauer, Roper, S, TH, Lucas, Gilmore, RL. Quantified volumes of temporal lobe structures in patients with epilepsy. J Neuroimaging. 1996;6:108–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Meiners, LC, GJ, van der, PC, van Rijen, Springorum, R, GA, de Kort, Jansen, GH. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of temporal lobe white matter in patients with histologically proven hippocampal sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:25–31.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55.Courchesne, E, HJ, Chisum, Townsend, J, et al.Normal brain development and aging: quantitative analysis at in vivo MR imaging in healthy volunteers. Radiology. 2000;216:672–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.MD, De Bellis, MS, Keshavan, SR, Beers, et al.Sex differences in brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. Cereb Cortex. 2001;11:552–557.Google Scholar
57.Giedd, JN, JW, Snell, Lange, N, et al.Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development: ages 4-18. Cereb Cortex. 1996;6:551–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58.Paus, T, DL, Collins, AC, Evans, Leonard, G, Pike, B, Zijdenbos, A. Maturation of white matter in the human brain: a review of magnetic resonance studies. Brain Res Bull. 2001;54:255–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Pfefferbaum, A, DH, Mathalon, EV, Sullivan, JM, Rawles, RB, Zipursky, Lim, KO. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of changes in brain morphology from infancy to late adulthood. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:874–887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60.Caviness, VS, DN, Kennedy, Richelme, C, Rademacher, J, Filipek, PA. (1996). The human brain age 7-11 years: a volumetric analysis based on magnetic resonance images. Cereb Cortex. 1996;6:726–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Giedd, JN, Blumenthal, J, NO, Jeffries, et al.Development of the human corpus callosum during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol BiolPsychiatry. 1999;23:571–588.Google ScholarPubMed
62.Reiss, AL, MT, Abrams, HS, Singer, JL, Ross, Denckla, MB. Brain development, gender and IQ in children. A volumetric imaging study. Brain. 1996;119(Pt 5):1763–1774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Wasterlain, CG, AM, Mazarati, Shirasaka, Y, et al.Seizure-induced hippocampal damage and chronic epilepsy: a hebbian theory of epileptogenesis. Adv Neurol. 1999;79:829–843.Google ScholarPubMed
64.Wasterlain, CG, Sankar, R. Excitotoxicity and the developing brain. In: Avanzini, R, Fariello, U, Heinemann, R, Mutani, G, eds. Epileptogenic and Excitotoxic Mechanisms. London, England: John Libbey & Company, Ltd; 1993:131–151.Google Scholar
65.Wasterlain, CG, Plum, F. Vulnerability of developing rat brain to electroconvulsive seizures. Arch Neurol. 1973;29:38–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66.Dwyer, BE, Wasterlain, CG. Electroconvulsive seizures in the immature rat adversely affect myelin accumulation. Exp Neurol. 1982;78:616–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67.Rutter, M, Graham, P, WA, Yule. A Neuropsychiatric Study in Childhood. Philadelphia, Penn: J.B. Lippincott Co.; 1970.Google Scholar
68.Farwell, JR, Dodrill, C, Batzel, LW. Neuropsychological abilities of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1985;26:395–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69.Dodrill, CB, Matthews, CG. The role of neuropsychology in the assessment and treatment of persons with epilepsy. Am Psychol. 1992:47:1139–1142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70.Sillanpaa, M, Jalava, M, Kaleva, O, Shinnar, S. Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1715–1722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71.Jalava, M, Sillanpaa, M. Physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: a controlled study. Epilepsia. 1997;38:424–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
72.Jalava, M, Sillanpaa, M, Camfield, C, Camfield, P. Social adjustment and competence 35 years after onset of childhood epilepsy: a prospective controlled study. Epilepsia. 1997;38:708–715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73.Ounsted, C, GH, Glaser, Lindsay, J, Richards, P. Focal epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis after acute meningitis. Arch Neurol. 1985;42:1058–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74.Kwan, P. MJ, Brodie. Neuropsychological effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Lancet. 2001;357:216–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
75.Sheth, RD, BP, Hermann, Rowley, H, et al.Pediatric epilepsy surgery: neuroimaging, neuropsychology, and anticonvulsants. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2000;7:166–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76.Martin, R, Kuzniecky, R, Ho, S, et al.Cognitive effects of topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine in healthy young adults. Neurology. 1999;52:321–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed