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Mental health consequences for survivors of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster: a systematic review. Part 2: emotional and behavioral consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2020

Takero Terayama ,
Jun Shigemura Open the ORCID record for Jun Shigemura [Opens in a new window] ,
Yuki Kobayashi ,
Mie Kurosawa ,
Masanori Nagamine ,
Hiroyuki Toda  and
Aihide Yoshino
Takero Terayama
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Japan
Jun Shigemura*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
Yuki Kobayashi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
Mie Kurosawa
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan Musashino University Creating Happiness Incubation, Tokyo, Japan
Masanori Nagamine
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
Hiroyuki Toda
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
Aihide Yoshino
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
*
Jun Shigemura, Email: jshigemura.psy@gmail.com
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Abstract

To compile the findings of studies assessing emotional and behavioral changes in the survivors of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, we performed a systematic review in August 2019 using four literature databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ICHUSHI). Peer-reviewed manuscripts, either in English or Japanese, were included in the searches. Sixty-one studies were retrieved for the review. Of these, 41 studies (67.2%) assessed emotional consequences, 28 studies (45.9%) evaluated behavioral consequences, and 8 studies (13.1%) evaluated both emotional and behavioral outcomes. The main research topic in emotional change was radiation exposure-associated risk perception, as reported in 15 studies. This risk perception included immediate health effects (eg, acute radiation syndrome) as well as future health effects (eg, future cancer and genetic effects). Lowered subjective well-being was reported in eight studies. Six studies reported perceived discrimination/stigmatization in the disaster survivors. The most critical behavioral change was an increase in suicides compared with residents in the whole of Japan or affected by the earthquake and tsunami, but not by the nuclear disaster. Increased rate of alcohol and tobacco use was reported, although the effect on one’s health was inconsistent. As a conclusion, the Fukushima nuclear disaster survivors suffered issues in risk perception, well-being, stigmatization, and alcohol/tobacco use in the first 8 years after the disaster. The present study is important in order to better understand the emotional and behavioral responses to future nuclear/radiological disasters as well as other “invisible” disasters, such as chemical and biological public health crises.

Keywords

Nuclear power plant accidentrisk communicationrisk perceptionmedically unexplained physical symptomssubstance abuse
Type
Review
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 30 - 42
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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