Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-wxhwt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T17:34:33.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Changing Role of Oil in Chinese Exports, 1974–89

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Extract

Although not commonly recognized as such, China is a sizeable oil exporter in the world. In 1985, for example, it exported 36.24 million tonnes of crude oil and oil products, accounting for 2.41 per cent of total oil exports in the world. Oil also satisfied 17 per cent of total domestic energy needs and generated 25.9 per cent of all export earnings of the country in 1985.

Type
Research Notes
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. These were the average spot price of various grades for the two years. See Far Eastern Economic Review, 5 01 1989, p. 37.Google Scholar

2. Almanac of China's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade 1986 (Chinese and English joint edition), pp. 956–57.Google Scholar

3. See Knoll, Bernd, “China oil: looking downstream,” in China Energy Report 1985 (Hong Kong: American Chamber of Commerce, 1985), p. 25Google Scholar; The World Bank, China: The Energy SectorGoogle Scholar, Annex 3 to China: Long-term Development Issues and Options (1985), p. 123Google Scholar; OPEC, OPEC Bulletin, No. 2, Vol. XVII (03 1986), p. 42Google Scholar; Woodard, Kim, The International Energy Relations of China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980), pp. 143–44Google Scholar; and Hardy, Randall, China's Oil: A Case of Modest Expectations (Boulder: Westview Press, 1978), pp. 1718.Google Scholar

4. See Woodard, , The International Energy Relations of China, pp. 125131Google Scholar; Hardy, , China's Oil, p. 61Google Scholar; Hymans, Henri, “Tokyo's bid to court Chinese oil flow,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 23 01 1976, pp. 4142Google Scholar; and Weintraub, Peter and Bonavia, David, “Long-term oil agreement,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 24 06 1977, pp. 5657.Google Scholar

5. Woodard, Kim, “China and offshore energy,” Problems of Communism, 1112 1981, p. 35.Google Scholar

6. Zhengxiang, Chen, Zhongguo shiyou (China's Petroleum) (Hong Kong, 1979), pp. 190–91.Google Scholar

7. For more information about the trade agreement, see Richard E. Batsavage and Davie, John L., “China's international trade and finance,” in Joint Economic Committee, Chinese Economy Post Mao, Vol. I (Washington, D.C., 1978), p. 727Google Scholar; “Machines for oil,” The Economist, 18 02 1978, p. 90Google Scholar; and Woodard, , The International Energy Relations of China, p. 507.Google Scholar

8. Chu-yuan, Cheng, China's Economic Development, p. 452.Google Scholar

9. Saudi Arabian light served as the marker crude for OPEC pricing. The quoted prices are obtained from U.N., Energy Statistics Yearbook 1984 (New York: U.N., 1986), Table 39.Google Scholar

10. See Kueh, Y. Y. and Howe, Christopher, “China's international trade: policy and organizational change and their place in the economic readjustment,” The China Quarterly, No. 100 (12 1984), pp. 813848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

11. See Wu, T. O. and Hsueh, T. T., “China's foreign trade since Deng X'iaoping's rise to power,” in Leung, C. K. and Chin, Steve (eds), China in Readjustment (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1983), pp. 159173.Google Scholar

12. See Kueh, and Howe, , “China's international trade”Google Scholar; Guoguang, Liu et al. (comp.), China's Economy in 2000 (Beijing: New World Press, 1987), pp. 489492Google Scholar; and Weizao, Teng, “Socialist modernization and the pattern of foreign trade,” in China's Search for Economic Growth, China Studies Series (Beijing: New World Press, 1982), pp. 184–86.Google Scholar

13. See U.N., Energy Statistics Yearbook 1984, Table 39.Google Scholar

14. See Shuguang, Zhang, “Two keys to industrial development,” Beijing Review, 31 01 1983, pp. 1620Google Scholar; and The World Bank, China: Socialist Economic DevelopmentGoogle Scholar, Annex E: The Energy Sector (1983).Google Scholar

15. Knoll, , “China oil: looking downstream,” pp. 2123.Google Scholar

16. See Guoguang, Liu, China's Economy in 2000, p. 187Google Scholar; Su-jing, He, “The potential for energy conservation and improvements in the efficiency of agricultural machinery,” Nengyuan (Energy), No. 4 (1986), p. 22Google Scholar; Xin-min, Xue and Xiao-jun, Su, “Development of the tertiary sector and its energy consumption in China,” Nengyuan, No. 6 (1986), p. 13Google Scholar; and China Daily, 21 06 1986.Google Scholar

17. See Bing, Yu, “Energy development and conservation,” Beijing Review, 8 03 1982, pp. 2022Google Scholar; “Energy policies,” Beijing Review, No. 6 (1982), pp. 67Google Scholar; Field, Robert M. and Flynn, Judith A., “China: an energy-constrained model of industrial performance through 1985,” in China Under the Four Modernizations, Part I (Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, 1982), pp. 334364Google Scholar; and “An overview of China's energy industry,” Zhongguo jingji nianjian 1982 (Almanac of China's Economy 1982), pp. V-9698.Google Scholar

18. See The World Bank, China: The Energy Sector, p. 1.Google Scholar

19. See China Daily, 18 04 1987Google Scholar; and People's Daily (Overseas Edition), 12 12 1987.Google Scholar

20. See Chu-yuan, Cheng, The Supply and Demand of Primary Energy in Communist China (Taipei: China Economic Research Institute, 1983), pp. 117–19Google Scholar. The source did not explain how the loss was calculated.

21. Zhong-hu, Wu, “The effect of imports and exports of energy and energy intensive products on energy balance of China,” Nengyuan, No. 4 (1987), p. 13.Google Scholar

22. See Morrow, Mike, “Oil exports drop as demand at home increases,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 19 03 1987, p. 90Google Scholar; and Far Eastern Economic Review, 29 05 1986, p. 103.Google Scholar

23. See China Trade Report, 07 1990, pp. 45 and 11.Google Scholar

24. China Economic News, 11 02 1991, pp. 811.Google Scholar

25. See Guoguang, Liu, China's Economy in 2000, pp. 489492Google Scholar; and Weizao, Teng, “Socialist modernization,” pp. 184–86.Google Scholar

26. See Beijing Review, 24 08 1987, p. 8.Google Scholar

27. Han-jun, Lin, “The export strategy of China and the changing economic environment of the Asia Pacific Region,” Shijie jingji (World Economy), No. 11 (1987) pp, 6267.Google Scholar

28. “On improving the mix of China's export commodities,” Almanac of China Foreign Economic Relations and Trade 1987 (Chinese Edition), pp. 787–89.Google Scholar

29. See “Country profile: China,” OPEC Bulletin, No. 2, Vol. XVII (03 1986), pp. 3445.Google Scholar

30. See Fridley, David, China's Oil Industry: A Decade in Review and Challenges Ahead (Energy Program, East-West Centre, Honolulu, 08 1990)Google Scholar, and Fridley, David and Dorian, James P., “China's resource crisis,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 27 09 1990, p. 62.Google Scholar