Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T01:10:34.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Care for the Family and the Environment in China's Coal Country

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2023

Charlotte Bruckermann*
Affiliation:
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
*

Abstract

In the “coal province” of Shanxi, residents grapple with tensions between caring for their families and caring about their environment. In creating ethical pathways through care, residents must navigate the paradox of livelihoods dependent on forms of development that endanger lives and pollute environments. This dilemma has crystallized over time, as the personal and particular demands of the present have become enmeshed with long-standing concerns over environmental degradation. Rather than characterizing family care as concrete and environmental care as abstract, acts of care in Shanxi link the reproductive crisis of the family with the reproductive crisis of the environment: the article presents instances under which the attention, empathy and recognition of care for concrete others are scaled up to the levels of ecology and planetary crisis.

摘要

摘要

在山西这个“煤炭大省” 、人们在照顾家庭和保护环境的矛盾之间挣扎。山西的民众创造性地使用“照顾”作为道德话语、然而这却令他们面对一个矛盾:他们需要发展经济以确保家庭的生计、而这些经济发展形式却威胁家人的生命并且污染当地环境。这个矛盾随着时间的推移而实现、因为个体在当下对于生计的具体需求、与长期持续而抽象的环境恶化问题交织在一起。山西民众没有简单的把照顾家庭当作具体、把爱护环境当作抽象。相反、他们的照顾行为将家庭再生产的危机与环境可持续发展的危机结合在一起。本文介绍了一些例子、这些例子表明山西民众为具体的他人提供照顾时,他们将关注、同情和对照顾的认可提升到了生态和地球危机的层次。

Type
Special Section - Ethnographies of Care: Attention, Action and Politics
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of SOAS University of London

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahlers, Anna, and Shen, Yongdong. 2018. “Breathe easy? Local nuances of authoritarian environmentalism in China's battle against air pollution.China Quarterly 234, 299319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aunan, Kristin, Hansen, Mette Halskov and Wang, Shuxiao. 2018. “Introduction: air pollution in China.China Quarterly 234, 279298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakken, Børgen. 2000. The Exemplary Society: Human Improvement, Social Control and the Dangers of Modernity in China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bruckermann, Charlotte. 2016. “Trading on tradition: tourism, ritual, and capitalism in a Chinese village.Modern China 42 (2), 188224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruckermann, Charlotte. 2017. “Caring claims and the relational self across time: grandmothers overcoming reproductive crises in rural China.Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 23 (2), 356375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruckermann, Charlotte. 2019. Claiming Homes: Confronting Domicide in Rural China. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruckermann, Charlotte. 2020. “Why do grandparents grumble? Chinese children's birthdays between kinship, market, and state.Ethnos 85 (1), 145167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drotbohm, Heike, and Alber, Erdmute. 2015. “Introduction.” In Alber, Erdmute and Drotbohm, Heike (eds.), Anthropological Perspectives on Care: Work, Kinship, and the Life-course. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 119.Google Scholar
Feuchtwang, Stefan. 2023. “Care as critique of care: public services, social security and ritual responsiveness.” China Quarterly 254.Google Scholar
Flitsch, Mareile. 2008. “Knowledge, embodiment, skill and risk: anthropological perspectives on women's everyday technologies in rural northern China.East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 2, 265288.Google Scholar
Geall, Sam, and Ely, Adrian. 2018. “Narratives and pathway towards an ecological civilization in contemporary China.China Quarterly 236, 11751196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, David S.G. 1999. “King Coal and Secretary Hu: Shanxi's third modernization.” In Hendrischke, Hans and Chongyi, Feng (eds.), The Political Economy of China's Provinces: Comparative and Competitive Advantage. London: Routledge, 211248.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan. 1993. “The peasantization of population policy in Shaanxi.” In Davis, Deborah and Harrell, Stevan (eds.), Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era. Berkeley: University of California Press, 219250.Google Scholar
Guo, Yuhua. 2003. “Xinling de jitihua: Shaanbei Jicun nongye hezuohua de nüxing jiyi” (The collectivization of mentality: women's memories of agricultural cooperation in Jicun Village in northern Shaanxi province). Zhongguo shehui kexue 4, 7992.Google Scholar
Hansen, Mette Halskov, and Liu, Zhaohui. 2018. “Air pollution and grassroots echoes of ‘ecological civilization’ in rural China.China Quarterly 234, 320339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Mette Halskov, Li, Hongtao and Svarverud, Rune. 2018. “Ecological civilization: Interpreting the Chinese past, projecting the global future.Global Environmental Change 53, 195203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herschatter, Gail. 2011. The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China's Collective Past. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, William. 1966. Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, William. 1983. Shenfan. London: Secker and Warburg.Google Scholar
Husman, Daniel. 2011. “Long Bow: Memory and Politics in a Chinese Village.” PhD diss., University of California – Berkeley.Google Scholar
Jing, Jun. 2000. “Environmental protests in rural China.” In Perry, Elizabeth and Selden, Mark (eds.), Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance. London: Routledge, 143160.Google Scholar
Kipnis, Andrew. 2007. “Neoliberalism reified: suzhi discourse and tropes of neoliberalism in the People's Republic of China.Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 13 (2), 383400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lammer, Christof. 2023. “Care scales: dibao allowances, state and family in China.” China Quarterly 254.Google Scholar
Li, Hongtao, and Svarverud, Rune. 2018. “When London hit the headlines: historical analogy and the Chinese media discourse on air pollution.China Quarterly 234, 357376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Xiaoyue, and Tilt, Bryan. 2018. “Perceptions of quality of life and pollution among China's urban middle class: the case of smog in Tangshan.China Quarterly 234, 340356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph, and Yang, Fan. 2020. “Eco-media events in China: from yellow eco-peril to media materialism.Environmental Humanities 12 (1), 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lora-Wainwright, Anna. 2013. “Dying for development – pollution, illness and the limits of citizens’ agency in China.China Quarterly 214, 243254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lora-Wainwright, Anna. 2021. Resigned Activism: Living with Pollution in Rural China. Revised Ed. Cambridge: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, Elizabeth. 2020. “Theorizing socio-environmental reproduction in China's countryside and beyond.Nature and Space 4 (4), 16871702.Google Scholar
Palmer, David, and Winger, Fabian. 2019. “Neosocialist governmentality: managing freedom in the People's Republic of China.Economy and Society 48 (4), 554578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, Elizabeth. 2012. Anyuan: Mining China's Revolutionary Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Pieke, Frank. 2018. “Party spirit: producing a communist civil religion in contemporary China.Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 24 (4), 709729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutherford, Danilyn. 2013. “Kinship and catastrophe: global warming and the rhetoric of descent.’ In McKinnon, Susan and Cannell, Fenella (eds.), Vital Relations: Modernity and the Persistence of Kinship. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press, 261282.Google Scholar
Steinmüller, Hans. 2023. “Crises of care in China today.” China Quarterly 254.Google Scholar
Thelen, Tatjana. 2015. “Care as social organization: creating, maintaining, and dissolving significant relations.Anthropological Theory 15 (4), 497515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, Elspeth. 2003. The Chinese Coal Industry: An Economic History. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Timothy. 2011. The Political Economy of Chinese Coal Industry: Black Gold and Blood-stained Coal. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Yan, Yunxiang. 2003. Private Life under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar