Published online by Cambridge University Press:
Let $g\geqslant 2$. A real number is said to be $g$-normal if its base $g$ expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$ denote Euler’s totient function, let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ be the sum-of-divisors function, and let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ be Carmichael’s lambda-function. We show that if $f$ is any function formed by composing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$, or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, then the number