Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T07:59:36.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Surgical Implications of Cerebral Dysgenesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

D. Douglas Cochrane ,
K.J. Poskitt  and
M.G. Norman
D. Douglas Cochrane*
Affiliation:
Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver
K.J. Poskitt
Affiliation:
Departments of Radiology, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver
M.G. Norman
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver
*
Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V4
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Cerebral dysgenesis encompasses varied disorders of brain development. Based on the understanding of these conditions provided by histopathologists, embryologists, radiologists and developmental pediatricians, surgeons are able to appropriately assist in the care of these patients. The surgeon can offer assessment of the ventriculomegaly that commonly accompanies cerebral dysgenesis in addition to providing methods to control hydrocephalus, to reconstruct cranial and facial malformations and to remove dysfunctional tissue. For most patients, surgical intervention is only one of the many factors that determine developmental prognosis. Based on the foundation built by other specialists, this review discusses cerebral dysgenesis from the perspective of historical and current surgical interventions.

Type
Symposium
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , May 1991 , pp. 181 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1991

References

1.Cochrane, DD, Myles, ST, Nimrod, C, et al. Intrauterine Hydrocephalus and Ventriculomegaly: Associated Abnormalities and Fetal Outcome. Can J Neurol Sci 1985; 12: 51–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Campbell, S, Pearce, JM. Ultrasound visualization of congenital malformations. Br Med Bull 1983; 39: 322–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Gooskens, RH, Willemse, J, Faber, JA, et al. Macrocephalies – a differentiated approach. Neuroped atrics 1989; 20: 164–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Russel, DS. Observations on the Pathology of Hydrocephalus. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1949; 11.Google Scholar
5.Barkovich, AJ, Newton, TH. MR of aqueductal stenosis: Evidence of a broad spectrum of tectal distortion. Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10: 471–476.Google ScholarPubMed
6.Torkildsen, A. A new palliative operation in cases of inoperable occlusion of sylvian aqueduct. Acta Chir Scand 1939; 82: 117–123.Google Scholar
7.Hirsch, JF. Percutaneous ventriculocisternostomies in non-communicating hydrocephalus. In: Choux, M, ed. Shunts and problems in shunts. Monogr in Neural Sci, Basel: S Karger. 1982; 8: 7–11.Google Scholar
8.Hirsch, JF, Hirsch, E, Sainte Rose, C, et al. Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Etiology and treatment. J Neurosurg Sci 1986; 30: 29–39.Google ScholarPubMed
9.Lapras, C, Poirier, N, Deruty, R, et al. Le catheterisme de l’aqueduc de Sylvius.n Sa place astuelle dans le traitment chirurgical des stenoses de L’aqueduc de sylvius, des tumeurs de la fosse posterieure et de la syringomyelie. Neurochirurgie 1975; 231: 101–109.Google Scholar
10.Atlas, SW, Mark, AS, Fram, EK. Aqueductal stenosis: Evaluation with gradient-echo rapid MR imaging. Radiology 1988; 169: 449–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Steinbok, P, Boyd, MC. Periaqueductal tumor as a cause of lateonset aqueductal stenosis. Childs Nerv Syst 1987; 3: 170–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Bickers, DS, Boyd, RD. Hereditary stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius as a cause of congenital hydrocephalus. Brain 1949; 72: 246–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Clewell, WH, Johnson, ML, Meirer, PR, et al. A surgical approach to the treatment of fetal hydrocephalus. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 1320–1325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Dandy, WE, Blackfan, KD. nternal hydrocephalus. Am J Dis Child 1914; 8: 406–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Dandy, WE, Blackfan, KD. Internal hydrocephalus: An experimental clinical and pathological study. Am J Dis Child 1917; 14: 424–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Taggart, JK Jr, Walker, AE. Congenital atresia of the foramens of Luschka and Magendie. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1942: 48: 582–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Benda, CE. The Dandy-Walker syndrome or the so-called atresia of the foramen of Magendie. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1954; 13: 14–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Barkovich, AJ, Kjos, BO, Norman, D, et al. Revised classification of posterior fossa cysts and cystlike malformations based on the results of multiplanar MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10: 977–988.Google Scholar
19. Carmel, PW, Antunes, JL, Hilal, SK, et al. Dandy-Walker syndrome: Clinicopathological features and re-evaluation of modes of treatment. Surg Neurol 1977; 8: 132–138.Google ScholarPubMed
20.Hart, MN, Malamud, N, Ellis, WG. The Dandy-Walker Syndrome. Neurology 1972;22:771–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Dandy, WE. The diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus due to occlusion of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. Surg GynecObstet 1921; 32: 112–124.Google Scholar
22.Matson, DD. Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood, 2nd Ed. Springfield 3: Charles C Thomas, 1969; 265.Google Scholar
23.Raimondi, AJ, Samuelson, G, Yarzagaray, L, et al. Atresia of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. The Dandy-Walker Cyst. J Neurosurg 1969;3:202–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Hanaway, J, Netsky, MG. Heterotopias of the inferior olive: Relation to Dandy-Walker malformation and correlation with experimental data. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1971; 30: 380–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Loeser, JD, Alvord, EC Jr. Clinicopathological correlations in agenesis of the corpus callosum. eNurology 1968; 18: 745–756.Google ScholarPubMed
26.DeMeyer, W, Zeman, W, Palmer, CG. The face predicts the brain: Diagnostic significance of median facial anomalies for holoprosencephaly (arhinencephaly). Pediatrics 1964; 34: 256–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Cleland, J. Contribution to the study of spina bifida, encephalocele and anencephalus. J Anat Physiol 1883; 17: 257–292.Google Scholar
28.Chiari, H. Ueber Vera'nderungen des Kleinhirns infolage von Hydrocephalic des Grosshirns. Deutsch Med Wochenschir 1891; 17: 1172–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Chiari, H. Ueber Vera'nderungen des Kleinhirns, des Pons und der Medulla Oblongata infolage von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns. Denschr Akad Wiss Wien 1896; 63: 71–116.Google Scholar
30.Wolpert, SM, Scott, RM, Platenberg, c, et al. The clinical significance of hindbrain herniation and deformity as shown on MR images of patients with Chiari II malformation. Am J Neuroradiol 1988; 9: 1075–1075.Google ScholarPubMed
31.Curnes, JT, Oakes, WJ, Boyko, OB. MR imaging of hindbrain deformity in Chiari II patients with and without symptoms of brainstem compression. Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10: 293–302.Google ScholarPubMed
32.Goldstein, RM, Podrasky, AE, Filly, RA, et al. Effacement of the fetal cisterna magna in association with myelomeningocele. Radiology 1989; 172: 409–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Nulsen, FE, Spitz, ED. Treatment of hydrocephalus by direct from ventricle to jugular vein. Surg Forum 1952; 2: 399–403.Google Scholar
34.Milhorat, TH. Hydrocephalus: Historical notes, etiology and clinical diagnosis. In: McLaurin, RI, ed. Pediatric Neurosurgery Surgery of the Developing Nervous System. New York: Grune & Stratton 1982; 197–210Google Scholar
35.McLone, DG, Naidich, TP. Myelomeningocele: Outcome and late complications. In: McLaurin, RI, Venes, JL, Schut, L, Epstein, F, eds. Pediatric Neurosurgery Surgery of the Developing Nervous System 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1989: 58Google Scholar
36.Charney, EB, Rorke, LB, Sutton, LN, et al. Management of Chiari II complications in infants with myelomeningocele. J Pediatr 1987; 111:365–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Agamanolis, DP, Hite, SH, Piatt, MS, et al. Arnold-Chiari Malformation Report of four cases with contamination of the central nervous system by amniotic contents. Surg Neurol 1986; 25: 261–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Emery, JL, Levick, RK. The movement of the brain stem and vessels around the brain stem in children with hydrocephalus and the Arnold-Chiari deformity. Develop Med Child Neuro 1966; 11 (Suppl): 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Morley, AR. Laryngeal stridor, Arnold-Chiari malformation and medullary hemorrhages. Develop Med Child Neurol 1969; 11: 471–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Hoffman, HJ, Hendrick, WB, Humphreys, RP. Manifestations and management of Arnold-Chiari malformation in patients with myelomeningocele. Childs Brain 1975; 1: 255–259.Google ScholarPubMed
41.Park, TS, Hoffman, HJ, Hendrick, EB, et al. Experience with surgical decompression of the Arnold-Chiari malformation in young infants with myelomeningocele. Neurosurgery 1983; 13: 147–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Venes, JL, Black, KL, Latack, JT. Preoperative evaluation and surgical management of the Arnold-Chiari II malformation. J Neurosurg 1986; 64: 363–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.McLone, DG, Naidich, TP. Myelomeningocele: Outcome and late complications. In: McLaurin, RI, Venes, JL, Schut, L, Epstein, F, eds. Pediatric Neurosurgery Surgery of the Developing Nervous System 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders: 1989: 56.Google Scholar
44.Lhermitte, J, Duclos, P. Sur un ganglioneurome diffus du cortex du cervelet. Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer. 1920: 9: 99–107.Google Scholar
45.Ambler, M, Pogacar, S, Sidman, R. Lhermitte-Duclos disease (granular cell hypertrophy of the cerebellum) pathological analysis of the first familial cases. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1969; 28: 622–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Shiruba, RA, Gessaga, EC, Eng, LF, et al. Lhermitte-Duclos disease: An immunochemical study of the cerebellar cortex. Acta Neuropath (Berl) 1988; 75: 474–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Lorber, J. The prognosis of occipital encephalocele. Develop Med Child Neurol 1967; 13 (Suppl): 75–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Mealey, J Jr, Dzenitis, AJ, Hockey, AA. The prognosis of encephaloceles. J Neurosurg 1970: 32: 209–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Caviness, VS Jr, Evrard, P. Occipital encephalocele: A pathological and anatomical analysis. Acta Neuropath (Berlin) 1975: 32: 245–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Engel, R, Buchan, GC. Occipital encephaloceles with and without visual evoked potentials. Arch Neurol (Chicago) 1974: 30: 314–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Smith, MT, Huntington, HW. Inverse cerebellum and occipital encephalocele. Neurology 1977; 27: 246–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Karch, SB, Urich, H. Occipital encephalocele: A morphological study. J Neurol Sci 1972; 15: 89–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Hsia, YE, Bratu, M, Herbordt, A. Genetics of Meckels Syndrome (dysencephalia splanchnocystica). Pediatrics 1971; 48: 237–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Joubert, M, Eisenring, J-J, Robb, JRet al. Familial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. Neurology 1969; 19: 813–825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55.Suwanwela, C, Hongsaprabhas, C. Frontoethomoidal cnccphalomeningocele. J Neurosurg 1966; 25: 172–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56.Matson, DD. Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood. 2nd Ed. Springfield 3: Charles C Thomas, 1969; 70.Google Scholar
57.Luyendijk, W, Schmidt, P. Primary intranasal encephalocele. J Neurosurg 1983; 59: 1110–1111.Google ScholarPubMed
58.Hudgins, RJ, Edwards, MSB, Ousterhout, DK. et al. Pediatric neurosurgical implications of the amniotic band syndrome. Case reports and review of the literature. Pedial Neurosci 1985–86; 12: 232–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Zunniga, OF, Tanner, SM, Wild, WO. et al. Hamartoma of CNS associated with precocious puberty. Am J Dis Child 1983; 137: 127–133.Google Scholar
60.Burton, EM, Ball, WS Jr, Crone, K, et al. Hamartoma of the tuber cinereum: A comparison of MR and CT findings in four cases. Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10: 497–501.Google ScholarPubMed
61.Nishio, S, Fujiwara, S, Aiko, Y, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 1989; 70: 640–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62.Taylor, DC, Falconer, MA, Bruton, CJ, et al. Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1971; 34: 369–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Moreland, DB, Glasauer, FE, Egnatchik, JG, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 487–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64.Daumas-Duport, C, Scheithauser, BW, Chodkiewicz, J-P, et al. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: A surgically curable tumor of young patients with intractable partial seizures. Report of thirty-nine cases. Neurosurgery 1988; 23: 545–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65.Chugani, HT, Shields, WD, Shewmon, DA, et al. Infantile Spasms: 1 PET identifies focal cortical dysgenesis in cryptogenic cases of surgical treatment. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 406–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66.Walters, BC, Burrows, PE, Musewe, N, et al. Unilateral megalencephaly associated with neonatal high output cardiac failure. Childs Nerv Syst 1990; 6: 123–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67.Barkovich, AJ, Chuang, SH. Unilateral megalencephaly: Correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics. Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11:523–531.Google ScholarPubMed
68.Vigevano, F, Bertini, E, Boldrini, R. et al. Heniimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy: Benefits of hemispherectomy. Epilepsia 1989; 30: 833–843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69.Kunishio, K, Yamamoto, Y, Sunami, N. et al. Histopathologic investigation of a case of meningoangiomatosis not associated with von Recklinghausen's Disease. Surg Neurol 1987: 27: 575–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar