Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T02:42:45.268Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome – Review Article

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

O. Suchowersky
O. Suchowersky*
Affiliation:
Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary
*
FRCPC, FCCMG, Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Facully of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. Other associated features include complex motor and vocal tics, obsessive compulsive behavior and attention-deficit disorder. Although initially thought to be a rare condition, it now appears that the gene for Tourette syndrome may be present in as many as one in a thousand people, and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. However, many individuals carrying the gene may exhibit only minimal symptoms. Neuropathophysiology of Tourette syndrome is unknown but investigations have suggested that the cause may be an abnormality either in the dopaminergic or endorphin receptor system within the basal ganglia. Treatment of Tourette syndrome involves education and counseling of the patient and family. Medications such as neuroleptics, serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and stimulants are available to treat the manifestations of Tourette syndrome and need to be individualized for each patient.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 48 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1994

References

REFERENCES

1.Shapiro, AK, Shapiro, ES, Young, JG, Feinberg, TE. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. 2nd Edition, Raven Press, 1988.Google Scholar
2.Kurlan, R.Tourette’s syndrome: current concepts. Neurology 1989; 39: 1625–1630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Robertson, MM.The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: the current status. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154: 147–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. Tourette syndrome: clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases. Am J Hum Genet 1985; 37: 435–450.Google ScholarPubMed
5.Erenberg, G, Cruse, RP, Roghner, AD. Tourette syndrome an analysis of 200 pediatric and adolescent cases. Cleveland Clinic Quart 1986, 53: 127–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. IV Obsessions, compulsions and schizoid behaviours. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41: 782–803.Google Scholar
7.Pitman, RK, Green, RC, Jenike, MA, Mesulam, MM. Clinical comparison of Tourette disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1166–1171.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Leonard, HLL, Lenane, MC, Swedo, et al. Tics and Tourette’s disorders: a 2 to 7 year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1244–1251.Google ScholarPubMed
9.Pauls, DL, Lechman, JF. The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome and associated behaviours: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. N Engl Med 1986; 315: 993–997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. I. Attention-deficit disorder, learning disorders and school problems. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41: 701–741.Google ScholarPubMed
11.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. VI Early development, sleep problems, allergies and handedness. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41; 822–838.Google ScholarPubMed
12.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. III Phobias and panic attacks. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41: 761–781.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Comings, DE, Comings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. V Depression and mania. Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41: 804–821.Google ScholarPubMed
14.Comings, DEComings, BG. A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. II Conduct Am J Hum Genet 1987; 41: 742–760.Google ScholarPubMed
15.Pauls, DL, Cohen, DJ, Kidd, KK, Lechman, JF. Tourette syndrome and neuropsychiatrie disorders: is there a relationship? Am J Hum Genet 1988; 42: 206–209.Google Scholar
16.Singer, HS, Reiss, AL, Brown, JE, et al. Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of Children with Tourette’s syndrome. Neurology 1993; 43: 950–956.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Peterson, B, Riddle, MA, Cohen, DR, et al. Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette’s syndrome using three-demensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images. Neurology 1993; 43: 941–949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Sutherland, RJ, Kolb, W, Schoel, WM, et al. Neuropsychological assessment of children and adults with Tourette syndrome: a comparison of learning disabilities and schizophrenia. Adv Neurol 1982; 35: 311–322.Google ScholarPubMed
19.Pauls, DL, Cohen, DJ, Heimburch, R, et al. Familial pattern and transmission of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and multiple tics. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1981; 38: 1091–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Kurlan, R, Behr, J, Medved, L, Como, P. Transient tic disorder and the clinical spectrum of Tourette’s syndrome. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 1200–1201.Google Scholar
21.Hyde, TM, Aaronson, BA, Randolph, C, et al. Relationship of birth weight to the phenotypic expression of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in monozygotic twins. Neurology 1992; 42: 652–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Bruun, RD. Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome: an overview of clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Psychiatr 1984; 23: 126–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Caine, ED, McBride, MC, Chiverton, P, et al. Tourette syndrome in Monroe County school children. Neurology 1988; 38: 472–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Goetz, CG, Tanner, CM, Stebbins, GT, et al. Adult tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: description and risk factors. Neurology 1992; 42: 784–788.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Northam, RS, Singer, HS. Postencephalitic acquired Tourette-like syndrome in a child. Neurology 1991; 41: 592–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Klawans, HL, Falk, DK, Nausiedo, PA, Weiner, WJ. Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome afer long term chlorpromazine therapy. Neurology 1978; 28: 1064–1068.Google Scholar
27.Fahn, S. A case of post-traumatic tic syndrome. Adv Neurol 1982; 35: 349–350.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Pulst, SM, Walshe, TM, Romeo, JA. Carbon monoxide poisoning with features of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Arch Neurol 1983; 40: 443–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Bruun, R, Kurlan, R. Opiate therapy and self-harming behaviour in Tourette’s syndrome. Mov Disord 1991; 6: 184–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Kerbeshian, J, Burd, L, Martsolf, JT. Fragile X syndrome associated with Tourette symptomatology in a male with moderate mental retardation and autism. Dev Behav Pediatr 1984; 5; 201–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Saint-Hilaire, MH, Saint-Hilaire, JM, Granger, L. Jumping Frenchmen of Maine. Neurology 1986; 36: 1269–1271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Singer, HS, Butler, IJ, Tune, LEet al. Dopaminergic dysfunction in Tourette syndrome. Ann Neurol 1982; 12: 361–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Singer, HS. Neurochemical analysis of post-mortem cortical and striatal brain tissue in patients with Tourette’s syndrome. Adv Neurol 1992; 58; 135–144.Google Scholar
34.Brook, DJ, Turjanski, N, Sawle, GV. PET studies on integrity of the pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic system in Tourette’s Syndrome. Adv Neurol 1991; 58: 227–231.Google Scholar
35.Lichter, D, Majumdat, L, Kurlan, R. Opiate withdrawal unmasks Tourette’s syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 1988; 11: 559–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Haber, SN, Wolfer, D. Basal ganglia peptidergic staining in Tourette syndrome. A follow-up study. Adv Neurol 1992; 58: 145–150.Google ScholarPubMed
37.Bonnet, KA. Neurobiological dissection of Tourette syndrome: a neurochemical focus on a human neuroanantomical model. Adv Neurol 1982; 35: 77–82.Google Scholar
38.Stoetter, B, Braun, AR, Randolph, C, et al. Functional neuroanatomy of Tourettes: limbic motor interactions studied with FDG PET. Adv Neurol 1992; 58: 213–256.Google ScholarPubMed
39.Shapiro, AK, Shapiro, E, Eisenbraft, GJ. Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with pimozide. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 1183–1186.Google ScholarPubMed
40. Fulop, G, Phillips, RA, Shapiro, AK, et al. ECG changes during haloperidol and pimozide treatment of Tourette's disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 673-675.Google ScholarPubMed
41. Jankovic, J, Glaze, DG, Frost, JD. Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Neurology 1984; 34: 688-692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Micheli, F, Gatto, M, Lekhuniec, E, et al. Treatment of Tourette syndrome with calcium antagonists. Clin Neurophamacol 1990; 13: 77-83.Google ScholarPubMed
43. Sandyk, R. The effects of naloxone in Tourette's syndrome. Ann Neurol 1985; 18:367-368.Google ScholarPubMed
44. Erenberg, G, Cruse, RP, Rothner, AD. Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: effects of stimulant drugs. Neurology 1985; 35: 1346-1348.Google ScholarPubMed
45. Leckman, JF, Cohen, DJ, Dehor, J, et al. Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome: a review of data. Adv Neurol 1982; 35: 391-401.Google ScholarPubMed
46. Hunt, RD, Minderaa, RB, Cohen, DJ. Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: report of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. J Am Acad Child Psychiatr 1989; 24: 583-586.Google Scholar
47. Cohen, DJ, Riddle, MA, Leckman, JF. Pharmacotherapy of Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1992; 15: 109-129.Google ScholarPubMed
48. Como, PG, Kurlan, R. An open label trial of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive disorder in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Neurology 1991;41:872-847.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed