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Brain-Machine Interfaces for Motor Control: A Guide for Neuroscience Clinicians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Allan R. Martin ,
Tejas Sankar ,
Nir Lipsman  and
Andres M. Lozano
Allan R. Martin
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Tejas Sankar
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nir Lipsman
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Andres M. Lozano*
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St, 4W-447, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Abstract

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With the growing interdependence between medicine and technology, the prospect of connecting machines to the human brain is rapidly being realized. The field of neuroprosthetics is transitioning from the proof of concept stage to the development of advanced clinical treatments. In one area of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) related to the motor system, also termed ‘motor neuroprosthetics’, research successes with implanted microelectrodes in animals have demonstrated immense potential for restoring motor deficits. Early human trials have also begun, with some success but also highlighting several technical challenges. Here we review the concepts and anatomy underlying motor BMI designs, review their early use in clinical applications, and offer a framework to evaluate these technologies in order to predict their eventual clinical utility. Ultimately, we hope to help neuroscience clinicians understand and participate in this burgeoning field.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 39 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 11 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2012

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