The following new taxa are described: Neoepicorsia fuscalis n. sp., Peru; Epicorsia chicalis n. sp., British Honduras; Protepicorsia quincemila n. sp., Peru; P. sordida n. sp., Bolivia; Ceuthobotys n. gen., type-species C. penai n. sp., Peru; Adoxobotys n. gen., type-species A. cacida (Dyar), n. comb., described in Pionea, also including A. discordalis (Dyar), n. comb., likewise described in Pionea, and A. cristobalis n. sp., Mexico; Hahncappsia suarezalis n. sp., Bolivia.

Pyrausta furvulalis n.n. is proposed to replace P. furvalis Hampson, 1913, nee Eversmann, 1842. P. furvulalis belongs in Neoepicorsia, becoming Neoepicorsia furvulalis (Munroe), n. comb.

Noorda flavidalis Hampson and Psara melanosoma Hampson are transferred to Protepicorsia, forming new combinations. P. melanosoma is sunk as a new synonym of P. flavidalis. P. flavidalis and the closely related P. sordida are the first reported mimetic Protepicorsia.

Phlyctaenia praxitalis Druce, Botys lautalis Lederer, and Boeotarcha fallalis Schaus are transferred to Hahncappsia as new combinations. H. fallalis is sunk as a new synonym of H. lautalis.

Lectotypes are designated for Psara melanosoma Hampson and Phlyctaenia praxitalis Druce.

The new and transferred taxa are characterized, differentiated, and illustrated.

Chrysonotomyia (Achrysocharella) is represented in North America by three species groups. The formosa group includes damastes (Walker), formosa (Westwood), and ovulorum (Ratzeburg); the punctiventris group includes punctiventris (Crawford), gracillariae n. sp., hyphantriae n. sp., and borealis n. sp.; and the diastatae group includes diastatae (Howard). Keys, descriptions, host records, and comparison of the subgenera Achrysocharella Girault and Chrysonotomyia Ashmead are included. New synonymies and new combinations of names representing material incorrectly placed under Achrysocharella are also included.

The 11 genera of Nearctic Braconini are keyed: two of them, Myosoma Brullé with a wide pantropical range and Alienoclypeus Shenefelt, new genus, are found chiefly in the Chihuahuan desert and shrub fauna of northern Mexico and the southwestern U.S.A. and are recorded as Nearctic for the first time. Four new species are described in Myosoma: eumystax, impexum, longius, and durango. R. D. Shenefelt describes a new genus and species, Alienoclypeus insolitus. The genus Atanycolimorpha Viereck, 1913 is synonymized with Ipobracon Thomson, 1892. The genus Coeloides is revised for the Nearctic Region; 12 species are described and illustrated. Five of these are new: mexicanus, durangensis, sympitys, tsugatorus, and sonora. One species, C. rossicus (Kokujev), is Holarctic, a new subspecies, betulae, is described from Canada. The following are new synonyms: C. rufovariegatus (Provancher) = (dendroctoni Cushman), C. vancouverensis (Dalla Torre) = (brunneri Viereck), C. crocator (Kirby) = (promontorii Dalla Torre).

The “cyclostome” subdivision of the Family Braconidae was recognized by Wesmael in 1835 and characterized as having the clypeus emarginated in such a way that a circular opening is left between it and the mandibles. This character has been used as one of the bases for primary segregation of the family into major groups ever since. However, it has long been recognized that other features are involved. For example, the clypeus is not simply emarginate but is also raised or becomes carinate transversely (horizontally) across the middle and it is the portion of the clypeus ventrad of the ridge which is impressed in such a way that the clypeus appears to be cut out. The degree to which the clypeus is infolded (backfolded) varies considerably. In addition, the labrum, which is broad at the base and narrows to the apex, is concave on the anterior side. This concavity is useful in segregating groups such as the Opiinae from the cyclostomes. Authors have tended to retain the cyclostome group as the subfamily Braconinae in the broad sense and to include therein the Rogadinae and Doryctinae.

Field testing of a large number of synthetic compounds and many combinations of them revealed that male moths of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morrison, were attracted to combinations of Z-5-dodecen-1-yl acetate and Z-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate. The most satisfactory attractants were combinations of these two compounds in ratios of 1:2 to 1:5 at 10 to 25 μg/septum dispenser. The effect of the attractant was strongly inhibited by the addition of 21% Z-7-dodecen-1-ol.

Male moths of Euxoa pleuritica (Grote) were strongly attracted to mixtures of Z7-dodecenyl acetate, Z7-dodecenyl alcohol, and Z5-dodecenyl acetate, the optimum ratios being in the range 5:1:1–5:5:1. The attractant worked best at very low dose levels and was entirely species-specific.

Knight (1925) erected the genus Neoborella for his species tumida, collected in Arizona and Colorado. Later (1927) he indicated that the species was collected on mistletoe, Arceuthobium sp. growing on pines at Mt. Lemmon, Ariz., and on A. cryptopodium Engelm. growing on Pinus scopulorum Engelm. (= Pinus ponderosa Laws.) at Estes Park, Colo. The genus remained monobasic until Herring (1972) described Neoborella xanthenes collected on A. americanum Nuttall. The specimens were collected by R. E. Stevens, U.S.D.A., Forestry Service, Fort Collins, Colo. He (in litt.) confirmed that the host pine was Pinus contorta Dougl. Carvalho and Schaffner (1974) described a third species, brevirostris, from Brazil, but the host plant of this species is not known.

Several authors (Charmillot and Baggiolini 1975; Proverbs et al. 1975; Roelofs et al. 1976; MacLellan 1976) have stated that mass-trapping male codling moths with sex pheromones did not provide economic control of this pest. MacLellan (1976), however, reported suppression of codling moth populations in unsprayed orchards 2-3 ha in size and Madsen et al. (1976) obtained similar results in orchards in which sprays were not applied specifically for codling moth control. In 1975 and 1976 similar studies were undertaken in three 0.5–0.75 ha plots (A, B, C) of mature apple trees at Vineland (Hagley 1970). Plots A and B had not received insecticide sprays from 1969 to 1974 and had relatively high codling moth infestation levels (Table I). Plot C had been on a pest management program since 1971.