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Native parasitoids of Dalbulus elimatus and Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in winter crops of central Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Gustavo Moya-Raygoza
Gustavo Moya-Raygoza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Botanica y Zoologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara–Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan, C.P. 45110, Apdo. Postal 139, Jalisco, Mexico (e-mail: gmoya@cucba.udg.mx)
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Abstract

Native parasitoids of the adult Mexican corn leafhopper, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), and corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott), are described and their rates of parasitism on maize, Zea mays L., common barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and sorghum, Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae) in central Mexico are determined. The survey was conducted throughout an annual cycle, with sampling of the previous season's crops when they were available. Leafhoppers showing evidence of parasitism were reared individually in the laboratory to obtain adult parasitoids. Adult D. elimatus were parasitized on winter maize, barley, and sorghum by the fly Eudorylas subopacus (Loew) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and the wasp Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), whereas adult D. maidis were parasitized by these fly and wasp parasitoids on winter maize only. The highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by E. subopacus were 57.4% on maize, 39.6% on barley, and 48.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by E. subopacus was 20.4% on maize. In contrast, the highest rates of parasitism of D. elimatus by G. bartletti were 9.4% on maize, 2.7% on barley, and 25.8% on sorghum. The highest rate of parasitism of D. maidis by G. bartletti was 7.1% on maize. These results indicate that winter crops are habitats of E. subopacus and G. bartletti during the winter season. This is the first report of D. elimatus and D. maidis being parasitized by E. subopacus and of D. elimatus being parasitized by G. bartletti.

Résumé

La présente étude décrit les parasitoïdes indigènes des adultes de la cicadelle mexicaine du maïs, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), et de la cicadelle du maïs, Dalbulus maidis (Delong et Wolcott), et calcule leurs taux de parasitisme sur le maïs, Zea mays L., l'orge, Hordeum vulgare L. et le sorgho, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae) dans le centre du Mexique. L'inventaire s'est poursuivi tout au cours du cycle annuel avec, lorsque c'était possible, un échantillonnage des récoltes de la saison précédente. Les cicadelles portant des indices de parasitisme ont été élevées individuellement en laboratoire pour récupérer les parasitoïdes adultes. Les mouches Eudorylas subopacus (Loew) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) et les guêpes Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) parasitent les adultes de D. elimatus sur l'orge, le sorgho et le maïs d'hiver, alors que les mouches et les guêpes parasitoïdes parasitent D. maidis seulement sur le maïs d'hiver. Le parasitisme le plus important de E. subopacus sur D. elimatus est 57,4 % sur le maïs, de 39,6 % sur l'orge et de 48,8 % sur le sorgho. Le parasitisme le plus élevé de E. subopacus sur D. maidis est de 20,4 % sur le maïs. En revanche, le parasitisme le plus important de G. bartletti sur D. elimatus est 9,4 % sur le maïs, de 2,7 % sur l'orge et de 25,8 % sur le sorgho. Le parasitisme le plus élevé de G. bartletti sur D. maidis est de 7,1 % sur le maïs. Ces résultats indiquent que les cultures d'hiver constituent les habitats d'E. subopacus et de G. bartletti pendant l'hiver. Cet article est le premier à signaler que D. elimatus et D. maidis sont parasités par E. subopacus, alors que D. elimatus l'est par G. bartletti.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 139 , Issue 5 , October 2007 , pp. 722 - 727
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

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