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European ectoparasitoids of two classical weed biological control agents released in North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

Franck J. Muller ,
Peter G. Mason ,
Lloyd M. Dosdall  and
Ulrich Kuhlmann
Franck J. Muller
Affiliation:
CABI Europe—Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland
Peter G. Mason*
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0C6
Lloyd M. Dosdall
Affiliation:
4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
Ulrich Kuhlmann
Affiliation:
CABI Europe—Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: peter.mason@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

The ceutorhynchine weevils Hadroplontus litura (F.) and Microplontus edentulus (Schultze) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are established in North America as biological control agents for Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., and scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Lainz (Asteraceae), respectively. In North America, both weeds occur sympatrically and in similar habitats as another ceutorhynchine, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (cabbage seedpod weevil), an important pest of canola, Brassica napus L., and Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae). Ceutorhynchinae weevils released to control weeds in cultivated crops may serve as alternate hosts if agents released for biological control of C. obstrictus are not specific to that species. Parasitoids associated with M. edentulus and H. litura inflict similar levels of mortality on their hosts, yet a single species was associated with the latter host, whereas 13 species attacked the former. The stem-mining M. edentulus appears to be at some risk but not the root-crown feeding H. litura, should the parasitoids Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) be introduced as biological control agents of the silique-feeding C. obstrictus. These findings suggest that feeding niche may be an important criterion for developing a nontarget species test list for host-range testing of potential biological control agents.

Résumé

Les charançons Hadroplontus litura (F.) et Microplontus edentulus (Schultze) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) sont établis en Amérique du Nord comme agents de lutte biologique contre le chardon des champs (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) et la matricaire inodore (Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Lainz (Asteraceae)), respectivement. Ces deux mauvaises herbes sont sympatriques et poussent dans des milieux semblables à ceux occupés par le charançon de la graine du chou(Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)), important ravageur du canola (Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae)) en Amérique du Nord. Les charançons de la sous-famille des Ceutorhynchinés lâchés dans les cultures pour lutter contre les mauvaises herbes peuvent aussi servir d’hôtes aux agents de lutte biologique utilisés contre le C. obstrictus si ces agents ne sont pas spécifiques à ce ravageur. On a observé que des parasitoïdes associés à M. edentulus et H. litura ont entraîné des taux de mortalité similaires chez leurs hôtes, mais qu’une seule espèce de parasitoïde était associée à H. litura, tandis que 13 espèces attaquaient M. edentulus. Microplontus edentulus, mineur des tiges, serait menacé alors que H. litura, qui s’attaque au collet, ne le serait pas si les parasitoïdes Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) et Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) étaient introduits comme agents de lutte biologique contre C. obstrictus, qui s’attaque aux siliques. Ces résultats laissent penser que la niche alimentaire pourrait être un critère important dans l’établissement de listes d’espèces non ciblées à considérer dans les essais visant à déterminer les gammes d’hôtes des agents de lutte biologique potentiels.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 143 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 197 - 210
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2011

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