Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T07:03:47.427Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Control of conifer defoliators with neem-based systemic bioinsecticides using a novel injection device

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Blair V. Helson ,
D. Barry Lyons ,
Kevin W. Wanner  and
Taylor A. Scarr
Blair V. Helson*
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
D. Barry Lyons
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Kevin W. Wanner
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Taylor A. Scarr
Affiliation:
Forest Management Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Suite 400, 70 Foster Drive, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 6V5
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: bhelson@nrcan.gc.ca).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A systemic tree injection tube was designed to introduce the required volumes of neem-based bioinsecticides into conifer trees. The device consists of plastic tubing attached with hose clamps to a maple sap spile at one end and a tubeless automobile tire valve at the other end. A hole is drilled in the tree, the spile is hammered into the hole, the device is filled with the systemic insecticide, and the system is pressurized by attaching a bicycle pump to the tire valve. The parts are readily available, the device is simple to construct and easy and quick to install on a tree, application volumes are adjustable, and the device is reusable. This device has been used successfully to inject 188 trees representing four conifer species in either spring or fall, primarily with neem formulations but also with dimethoate, imidacloprid, and acephate. In most cases, all of the material was injected into the trees without leakage, although neem formulations were characteristically slow to enter the trees and certain neem formulations were not injected completely at volumes above 15 mL per injection tube. Dosages of 0.2 g azadirachtin/cm of diameter at breast height (dbh) or less provided control of pine false webworm, spruce budworm, cedar leafminers, gypsy moth, and introduced pine sawfly on red pine, white spruce, eastern white cedar, white pine, and white pine, respectively. Dosages as low as 0.005 g active ingredient/cm of dbh applied with injection tubes in either one or two holes per tree resulted in a 95% reduction in defoliation of mature (mean dbh ± SD = 23.4 ± 3.3 cm) red pine caused by pine false webworm.

Résumé

Un tube d’injection systémique pour les arbres a été conçu pour introduire le volume voulu de bioinsecticides à base de neem dans des conifères. L’appareil est constitué d’un tube de plastique attaché à une goudrelle au moyen d’un collier de serrage à un bout et à une valve pour pneu sans chambre à air à l’autre bout. Il faut percer l’arbre avec une mèche, forcer la goudrelle dans le trou à coups de marteau et remplir l’appareil d’insecticide qui sera ensuite pressurisé à l’aide d’une pompe de bicyclette branché sur la valve. Les pièces sont faciles à obtenir, la construction et la fixation de l’appareil à l’arbre aisées et rapides, le volume d’insecticide à injecter est réglable et l’appareil est réutilisable. L’appareil a servi avec succès dans la lutte contre les défoliateurs sur 188 arbres représentant quatre espèces de conifères, au printemps et à l’été, surtout avec des préparations de neem, mais aussi avec du méthoate, de l’imidacloprid et de l’acéphate. Dans la plupart des cas, toutes les substances étaient injectées dans l’arbre sans fuites, bien que certaines préparations de neem se soient révélées particulièrement lentes à pénétrer et certaines n’ont pu être injectées entièrement à des volumes supérieurs à 15 mL par tube à injection. Des doses de 0,2 g d’azadirachtin/cm de diamètre d’arbre à hauteur de poitrine (dbh) ou plus basses ont permis une lutte efficace contre le Pamphile du pin sur des pins rouges, contre la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette sur des épinettes blanches, contre les mineuses sur des thuyas de l’est, contre la Spongieuse sur des pins blancs et contre la Tenthrède du pin introduite sur des pins blancs. Des doses aussi faibles que 0,005 g ingrédient actif/cm de dbh de poitrine injectées par les tubes dans un ou deux trous par arbre ont diminué de 95% la défoliation de pins rouges matures (dbh moyenne ± écart type = 23,4 ± 3,3 cm) attaqués par des pamphiles.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 5 , October 2001 , pp. 729 - 744
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chaney, W.R. 1991. Anatomy and physiology of chemical movement in trees. pp 1–10in Miller, K.B. (Ed), Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Systemic Chemical Treatments in Tree Culture, 5–7, October 1987, Michigan State University, East LansingGoogle Scholar
Duthie-Holt, M.A., Borden, J.H., Rankin, L.J. 1999. Translocation and efficacy of a neem-based insecticide in lodgepole pine using Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) as an indicator species. Journal of Economic Entomology 92: 180–6Google Scholar
Ellmore, G.S., Phair, W.E., Gill, C., Skinner, D. 1991. Fluid delivery in injected ring-porous trees. pp 32–42in Miller, K.B. (Ed), Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Systemic Chemical Treatments in Tree Culture, 5–7 October 1987, Michigan State University, East LansingGoogle Scholar
Gill, J.S., Lewis, C.T. 1971. Systemic action of an insect feeding deterrent. Nature (London) 232: 402–3Google Scholar
Helson, B., de Groot, P., McFarlane, J., Zylstra, B., Scarr, T. 1998. Leader and systemic applications of neem EC formulations for control of white pine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on jack pine and white pine. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 129: 107–26Google Scholar
Helson, B., Lyons, B., de Groot, P. 1999. Evaluation of neem EC formulations containing azadirachtin for forest insect pest management in Canada. pp 79–89in Singh, R.P., Saxena, R.C. (Eds), Azadirachta indica A. Juss, International Neem Conference, Gatton, Australia, February 1996. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co PVT LtdGoogle Scholar
Jandel Corporation. 1995. SigmaStat statistical software user's manual (version 2.0). San Rafael, California: Jandel CorporationGoogle Scholar
Kielbaso, J.J. (Editor). 1979. Proceedings of the Symposium on Systemic Chemical Treatments in Tree Culture. East Lansing: Michigan State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Kondo, E.S. 1972. A method for introducing water soluble chemicals into mature elms. Canadian Forestry Service Information Report O–X–1971Google Scholar
Kostyk, B.C., Wanner, K.W. 1997. Control of insect damage to black spruce seed cones with neem. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14: 40–3Google Scholar
Lyons, D.B., Jones, G.C. 2000. What do we know about the biology of the pine false webworm in Ontario? pp 3–12in Lyons, D.B., Jones, G.C., Scarr, T.A. (Eds), Proceedings of a Workshop on the Pine False Webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae). Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources CanadaGoogle Scholar
Lyons, D.B., Helson, B.V., Jones, G.C., McFarlane, J.W., Scarr, T. 1996. Systemic activity of neem seed extracts containing azadirachtin in pine foliage for control of the pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 127: 45–55Google Scholar
Lyons, D.B., Helson, B.V., Jones, G.C., McFarlane, J.W. 1998. Effectiveness of neem- and diflubenzuron-based insecticides for control of the pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 129: 115–26Google Scholar
Marion, D.F., Larew, H.G., Knodel, J.J., Natoli, W. 1990. Systemic activity of neem extract against the birch leafminer. Journal of Arboriculture 16: 12–6Google Scholar
McCoy, R.E. 1979. Systemic treatment of coconut palm with oxytetracycline-R. pp 215–22 in Kielbaso, J.J. (Ed), Proceedings of the Symposium on Systemic Chemical Treatments in Tree Culture. East Lansing: Michigan State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Naumann, K., Rankin, L.J., Isman, M.B. 1994. Systemic action of neem seed extract on mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine. Journal of Economic Entomology 87: 1580–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rediske, J.H., Gauditz, I., Johnson, N.E. 1970. Distribution of dimethoate-P32 in Douglas-fir following stem injection. Forest Science 16: 106–12Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (Editor). 1995. The neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and other meliaceous plants: sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes. New York: VCH Publishers IncCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundaram, K.M.S., Campbell, R., Sloane, L., Studens, J. 1995. Uptake, translocation, persistence and fate of azadirachtin in aspen plants (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and its effect on pestiferous two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Crop Protection 14: 415–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundaram, K.M.S., Sundaram, A., Curry, J., Sloane, L. 1997. Dissipation kinetics of azadirachtin in some forest matrices and its systemic translocation in conifers for spruce budworm control. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 32: 803–29Google Scholar
Tattar, T.A. 1999. Tree health care using microinjection technology. Available at http://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/systemic.html [accessed on November 1999]Google Scholar
Thomas, A.W., Strunz, G.N., Chiasson, M., Chan, T.H. 1992. Potential of Margosan-O, an azadirachtin containing formulation from neem seed extract, as a control agent for spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 62: 37–46Google Scholar
Wanner, K.W., Kostyk, B.C. 1995. Evaluation of neem seed extract against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss., seed orchards. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 126: 91–3Google Scholar
Wanner, K.W., Helson, B.V., Kostyk, B.C. 1997. Foliar and systemic applications of neem seed extract for control of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), infesting black and white spruce seed orchards. The Canadian Entomologist 129: 645–55Google Scholar