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Conservation of forest-dwelling arthropod species: simultaneous management of many small and heterogeneous risks1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

John R. Spence ,
David W. Langor ,
Joshua M. Jacobs ,
Timothy T. Work  and
W. Jan A. Volney
John R. Spence*
Affiliation:
Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1
David W. Langor
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6H 3S5
Joshua M. Jacobs
Affiliation:
Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3, and Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
Timothy T. Work
Affiliation:
Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
W. Jan A. Volney
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6H 3S5
*
2Corresponding author (e-mail: john.spence@ualberta.ca).
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Abstract

The Canadian insect fauna is too inadequately understood to support well-informed assessments about its conservation status; however, the foregoing collection of synthetic papers illustrates potential threats from industrial forestry. Loss of forest species and dramatic changes in forest insect assemblages driven by forestry activities are well illustrated by studies from places where industrial forest management has been more intensive or of longer duration. Improved understanding of how arthropod species are coupled to habitats, especially microhabitats, appears to be central to progress toward their conservation. Studies of arthropods conducted at the species level are most relevant for applied conservation purposes, because only species-level work that is well documented with voucher specimens provides adequate comparative data to document faunal change. Although taxonomic infrastructure required to support such work is seriously under-resourced in Canada, entomologists can help themselves by producing useful modern resources for species identification, by undertaking collaborative biodiversity work that minimizes the split between taxonomists and ecologists, and by supporting incentives for work at the species level. Securing the future of arthropod diversity in Canadian forests through effective policy will require sound regionally defined bases for whole-fauna conservation that mesh with broader land-use planning. Building these will require a practical understanding of how “ecosite”-classification systems relate to arthropod diversity, accurate inventories of the predisturbance forest fauna in all regions, and development of sound monitoring plans designed to both detect faunal change efficiently and identify its drivers. Such monitoring plans should include both baseline inventories and monitoring of designated control areas. In addition, effective biomonitoring efforts will facilitate the development of suites of arthropod indicators, accommodate both seasonal (especially phenological) and annual variation, clarify the relationship between cost-effective samples and reality, and ensure adequate consideration of “rare” species. Return on investment in monitoring will depend on effective preplanned linkage to policy development that can respond to drivers of faunal change in a way that effectively addresses undesired changes.

Résumé

La faune entomologique canadienne n’est pas assez bien connue pour qu’on puisse évaluer de façon avisée son statut de conservation; néanmoins, la présente série de travaux de synthèse signale des menaces potentielles posées par l’industrie forestière. Des études réalisées dans des sites où la gestion industrielle des forêts a été plus importante ou s’est faite sur une plus longue période mettent bien en évidence des pertes d’insectes forestiers et des changements spectaculaires dans les peuplements d’insectes forestiers causés par les activités forestières. Tout progrès dans la conservation des arthropodes semble être relié à une meilleure compréhension du lien qui unit les espèces d’arthropodes aux habitats, et particulièrement aux microhabitats. Les études sur les arthropodes faites au niveau de l’espèce sont celles qui sont les plus pertinentes pour atteindre les objectifs appliqués de conservation, parce que seuls les travaux faits au niveau de l’espèce et bien appuyés par des spécimens de référence fournissent les données comparatives adéquates pour évaluer les changements faunistiques. Bien que le personnel spécialisé en taxonomie nécessaire pour réaliser de tels travaux fasse sérieusement défaut au Canada, les entomologistes peuvent s’aider mutuellement en produisant des outils modernes pour l’identification des espèces, en travaillant en collaboration sur la biodiversité de façon à minimiser la division entre les taxonomistes et les écologistes et en favorisant les études au niveau spécifique. Afin d’assurer dans le futur le maintien de la biodiversité des arthropodes dans les forêts canadiennes à l’aide de politiques efficaces, il sera nécessaire d’avoir des données de base solides sur la conservation de l’ensemble de la faune à l’échelle régionale et de les intégrer à la planification de l’utilisation des terres. La mise en place de ces banques de données nécessitera une compréhension de la relation entre les systèmes de classification des « écosites » et la diversité des arthropodes, des inventaires précis de la faune forestière d’avant les perturbations dans toutes les régions et l’élaboration de plans de surveillance permettant de détecter efficacement les changements faunistiques et d’en identifier les causes. De tels plans de surveillance devraient comprendre à la fois des inventaires de base et la surveillance de sites témoins choisis. De plus, des efforts efficaces de surveillance biologique devraient inclure l’utilisation de séries d’arthropodes indicateurs, la prise en considération de la variation saisonnière (particulièrement phénologique) et annuelle, l’examen de la relation entre un échantillonnage à meilleur coût et la réalité pratique et un intérêt suffisant pour les espèces “rares”. Le rendement de l’investissement en surveillance dépendra de la mise en place préalable d’un lien efficace avec l’élaboration de politiques qui réagissent aux causes de manière à contrer efficacement les changements indésirables.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 140 , Issue 4: Maintaining Arthropods in Northern Forest Ecosystems: Symposium Proceedings / Actes du symposium: Maintien des arthropodes dans les écosystèmes forestiers nordiques , August 2008 , pp. 510 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2008

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