Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 July 2013
The way in which the courts in the United Kingdom have interpreted and applied the Ullah principle has created problems in the national application of the European Convention on Human Rights. As is evident particularly in Ambrose, this is partly because Lord Bingham's approach in Ullah has been misunderstood. The article analyses these issues in relation to the notion of binding precedent, finding that judicial authority belongs to principles. The national courts ought not, though that is what the Ullah–Ambrose approach enjoins, to expend their energies seeking to align the case before them with the least dissimilar of the reported cases. Rather they should stand back from the case law of the European Court, and apply the broad principles upon which the jurisprudence is founded.
1 Sugar v B.B.C. [2012] UKSC 4, [2012] 1 W.L.R. [59] (Lord Wilson).
2 Cf. for an approach that focuses instead upon British principles: Irvine, D., “A British Interpretation of Convention Rights” [2012] P.L. 237Google Scholar; Klug, F. and Wildbore, H., “Follow or Lead? The Human Rights Act and the European Court of Human Rights” [2010] E.H.R.L.R. 621Google ScholarPubMed.
3 See R. (Ullah) v Special Adjudicator [2004] UKHL 26, [2004] 2 A.C. 323 [20] (Lord Bingham); R. (Al-Skeini and others) v Secretary of State for Defence [2007] UKHL 26, [2008] 1 A.C. 153 [106] (Lord Brown) and [90] (Lady Hale); R. (Smith) v Oxfordshire Assistant Deputy Coroner [2010] UKSC 29, [2011] 1 AC 1 [60] (Lord Philips), [93] (Lord Hope), and [147] (Lord Brown); R. (S) v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [2004] UKHL 39, [2004] 1 W.L.R. 2196 [27] (Lord Steyn); R. (Quark Fishing) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2006] 1 A.C. 529 [34] (Lord Nicholls); R. (Animal Defenders International) v Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport [2008] UKHL 15, [2008] 1 A.C. [37] (Lord Bingham) and [53] (Lady Hale); R. (Al-Skeini) v Ministry of Defence [2007] UKHL 26, [2008] 1 A.C. 153 [90] (Lady Hale) and [105]–[106] (Lord Brown).
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7 Razaghi v Sweden (Application no. 64599/01), judgment 11 March 2003.
8 Ullah [24] (Lord Bingham).
9 Ullah [35] (Lord Steyn).
10 Ullah [67] (Lord Carswell).
11 Cf. E.M. (Lebanon) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2008] UKHL 64; [2009] 1 A.C. 1198; R. (Limbuela) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2005] UKHL 66; [2006] 1 A.C. 396; G. (Adoption: Unmarried Couple) [2008] UKHL 38; [2009] 1 A.C. 173.
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14 Guzzardi v Italy (Application no. 7367/76) (1980) 3 E.H.R.R. 333.
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54 F. Sudre, “Du ‘dialogue des juges’ à l'euro-compatibilité” in Le dialogue des juges: mélanges en l'honneur du président Bruno Genevois (Paris 2009), 1028.
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61 Reynolds v United Kingdom app. no. 2694/08 judgment 13 March 2012 [63].
62 Sugar [59] (Lord Wilson).
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