¹ Cadiere, L. and Pelliot, P., ‘Premiere etude BUT les sources annamites de l'histoire d'Annam’, BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

² In addition to the study by Cadière and Pelliot cited above, the most important articles are those of Aurousseau, L. (cited in p. 608, n. 33, below) and of Gaspardone, E., ‘Bibliographie annamite’, BEFEO, xxxiv, 1, 1934; the latter includes very little information on sources later than 1800.Google Scholar

³ Chen Ching-ho, ‘Introduction to the archives of the Nguyễn dynasty’, Mục-lục cháu-bàn, i, p. xxiii; the ‘Introduction’ was reprinted in Journal of South East Asian History, in, 2, 1962.

⁴ It is hardly possible at this distance Of time to unravel completely the sequence of events which led to the serious archival losses of those years. The archivist in charge at the time appears to have done his best to preserve the most important archives but political circumstances were beyond the control of any one individual.

⁵ Bùi Quang Tùng; ‘Pour une mẸilleure conservation des archives vietnamiennes’, France-Asia, xi, 109–10, 1955, 7426Google Scholar

⁶ See n. 3 above. Two volumes of the Mục-lục were actually published, one covering four of the five volumes relating to the reign of Gia-Long, the other covering the first five volumes of Minh-Mạng. There is a substantial amount of similar catalogue material at , relating to subsequent volumes, which awaits publication when it becomes financially possible.

⁷ On the history of the Ècole Française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), see Malleret, L., ‘Apercu d'un demi-siècle de travaux scientifiques a l'EFEO’, France-Asie, xiii, 1257, 1956, 271–306;Google Scholar and Masson, A., ‘Les sources de l'histoire du Viet-Nam’, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences d'Ovtre-Mer, xx, jan. 1960.Google Scholar

⁸ Yamamoto Tatsuro, ‘The Vietnamese Library of the Société Asiatique in Paris’, Tōyō Bunko Kenkyūjo, V, 1953;Google Scholar and ‘List of Vietnamese books in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris’, Toyo Gakuho, xxxvi, 1, 1953;Google Scholar both, in Japanese. For a general survey of the facilities for Oriental research in Paris, see Demieville, P., ‘Organisation of East Asian studies in France’, Journal of Asian Studies, XVIII, 1, 1958, 163–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁹ ‘Classified catalogue of Korean and Annamese books preserved by the Tōyō Bunko’, Tokyo, 1939 (in Japanese). The seminar of the Tōyō Bunko on South East Asia was started in 1959; one of its projects is ‘the collection and investigation of historical sources on the land system in ’; cf. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Tōyō Bunko, 20, 1961, 160.

¹⁰ The Imperial Book Collection (Sáck Ngụ Làm), moved from Hue to the Dàlạt section of the Archives Department, includes 679 , many of which are imperial compositions. For a list of still extant in 1959, see Huẏnh Khae Dung, , Sàigòn, 1959, 140.

¹¹ A. Des Michels (tr.), Les annales impériales de l'Annam, traduites en entier du texte chinois, vol. I, in three parts, 1889, 1892, and 1894, covering the period down to A.D. 967. M. Durand (tr.), Texte el commentaire du Miroir complet de l'histoire du Viét, part I, 1950; this covers the first ; the second was translated by the same author in BEFEO, XLVII, 2, 1953, and no further translations were published before M. Durand's death. His translations are accompanied by copious notes on sources used by the Nguyễn historians and by photographic plates of the original text.

¹² thông-giám cucrhg-mục, translated by the Research Committee on Literature, History, and Geography, (20 parts, 19578). A translation has also been begun by the Institute of History in Sàigòn: Khâm-dịnh thdng-giám cucrng-mục, translated into with the Chinese original (Sáigón, 1960); it too remains incomplete.

¹³ The office was situated within the citadel but outside the inner Imperial City at Hue. It was extended in 1842 and again in 1849; in further alterations of 1889 and 1902 it appears to have contracted. It ceased to be used as the Office of History in 1942, bu⃛ had probably ceased turning out historical works 15 years before that. See Ðại-Nam nhãt-thõng-chi, quyēn i, Kinh-Su, translated into quõc-ngũ, Sàigòn, 1960, 72.

¹⁴ The prefaces to the finished work indicate the decrees and decisions made concerning it. See Ðại-Nam thục-luc, I (tîên-biên), 57; II (chính-biên ký), 516; and v (chính-biên ), 518: references are to the edition in .

¹⁵ Wolfgang Franke, ‘The Veritable Records of the Ming dynasty’, in Beasley, W. G. and Pulleyblank, E. G. (ed.), Historians of China and Japan, London, 1961, 60–77Google Scholar

¹⁶ Cadiére and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 6378.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Copies of the complete work exist in Sáigón and , and on microfilm. A number of other copies exist but are incomplete.

¹⁸ Ðại-Nam thục-lục, translated into quõc-ngũ by Ngọc Tinh and Ðáo Duy Anh, (, 1962 onwards). Fourteen parts have appeared to date.

¹⁹ Ch. Patris, , ‘S. E. Cao Xuān Dụe. Notice nécrologique’, Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hue, X, 4, 1924, 433–72.Google Scholar

²⁰ Cadière and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, IV, 3, 1904, 638; Huynh Dung, , Sàigòn, 1959, 142. Copies of the exist in , in Sàigòn, and on EFEO microfilm. A start was made in 1961 on the publication of facsimile reproductions of the by the Keiō Institute of Linguistic Studies, Tokyo: in each case, the tien-bién section has so far appeared.

²¹ In the quõc-ngũ periodical Ðông-Dwong (Hànòi), nos. 70127 and 181203, 191618.

²² e.g. the biographies of Phan Thanh Giàn, Lâm Duy , and Pham Phú Thú are translated in Pierre Daudin and Lê Vān Phúcy, ‘Phan Thanh Gian (17961867) et sa famille’, Bulletin de la Société des Études Indochinoises, NS, xvi, 2, 1941.

²³ Quõc-trieu dāng kḣoa lục, translated into quõc-ngũ by Lê Mạnh Liêu (Sáigón, 1962). An interesting French, account of the examination system is to be found ill Muriel Texier, ‘Le inandarinat an Viêt-Xam an xixe siele’, BSEI, NS, xxxvii, 3, 1962.Google Scholar

²⁴ Cadière and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 655.Google Scholar

²⁵ ibid., 654 and 666.

²⁶ Durand, M., ‘Sur un manuserit de la Bibliotheque Centrale de Hanoi relatant une ambassade vietnamienne en Chine en 1825’, BEFEO, xlviii, 2, 1957.Google Scholar

²⁷ Cadière and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 648.Google Scholar

²⁸ Dévéria, G., Histoire des relations de la Chine avec Annam du xrt au xix siecles, Paris, 1880.Google Scholar On the Chinese view of Sino-Vietnamese relations in this period, cf. Fairbank, J. K. and Teng, S. Y., ‘On the Ch'ing tributary system’, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vi, 2, 1941.Google Scholar

²⁹ Ngô Ðình , Nguyen Ðinh Hoe, and Trãn Nuân Toan, ‘L'ambassade de Phan Thank Gián, 186364, Bulletin des Amis da Vieux Hue 1919, 161,216, and 1921, 14787, 24381.

³⁰ Cadiere and Pelliot, art. oit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 648.Google Scholar

³¹ Kiêu Oánh , Bán-trîêu bạn-nghịch , translated into quõc-ngū by Trân Kha Vān et al. (Sàigòn, 1963). Despite the title, the work is not arranged biographically.

³² Recently reprinted, Phan Thúc Trục, Quôc-sú di-biên (Historical Material Series, no. 1) New Asia Research Institute, Hong Kong, 1965, with a brief note in English by Chen Ching-ho

³³ Aurousseau, L., ‘Compte-rcndu de C. B. Maybon, Hisloire moderne du pays d'Annam 1592,1820’, BEFEO, xx, 4. 1920, 73–120;Google Scholar and ‘Expose de geographie historique du pay: d'Annam’, BEFEO, xxii, 1922, 143–60. Ðào Duy Anh, Ðãt-nuác qua-các dòi , 1964.Google Scholar

³⁴ L. Aurousseau, ‘Compte-rendu de C. B. Maybon …’, 83; Maspero, H., ‘Le protectorat général d'Annam sous les T'ang, I’, BEFEO, x, 3, 1910, 543–5. Copies of the work survive in I Hanoi and Sàigòn.Google Scholar

³⁵ Ðõng-Khánh dịa-dw chi-dõ (Dōkei gyoran chiyo shizu) (Tōyō Bunko Sōkan series, x), Tokyo, 1943.

³⁶ Ðại-Ṅhât-thõng-chí, photographic reproduction, of 1909 edition, 2 vols., Tokyo, 1941.

³⁷ ‘Vān-Hóa Tūng-Thu’ series, nos. 26, 912, 2022, etc. (Sàigòn, 195960, 19646); the provinces so far covered by this translation into quõc-ngũ are the Lục-tînh (Cochinchina), Thìra Thiên Thanh-Hóa, Quàng-Trị, Quang-Binh, Bình-Ðình, Quàng-Nam, Quàng-Ngāi, and he translator is Tao.

³⁸ L. Aurousseau, loc. cit.; H. Maspero, lqc. cit.; cf. above, n. 34.

³⁹ Aubaret, G. (tr.), Gia-Dirih thung-chi: histoire eJ description de la Basse Cochinchine, Paris, 1863.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ There is a copy in (EFEO library, A. 1299).

⁴¹ Maspero, H., art. cit., BEFEO, x, 3, 1910, 545. This also survives in Hanoi (EFEO library, A. 72).Google Scholar

⁴² Ðại-Nam , translated by Sĩ Giáe (Faculty of Law, University of Sáigón, 1962); with Chinese text.

⁴³ Nhu-vien (Khâm-dịrih Ðại-Nam qq. 1323), translated by Ta Quang Phát (Sàigòn, 1965). The whole work is available in Saigon, and parts of it survive elsewhere.

⁴⁴ Nguyen Si Hai, Tõ-chúc chírih-quyen trung-wang thài Nguyen-so, 18021847 (thesis in Faculty of Law, University of Saigon, 1962).

⁴⁵ Aubaret, G., Traduction da Code annamite, Paris, 1865;Google ScholarPhilastre, P. L. F., Le Code annamite: nouvelle traduction compléte, 2 vols., Paris, 1876 (second edition, 1909).Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Deloustal, R., ‘La justice dans l'ancien Annam: traduction et commentaire du Code des Le’, BEFEO, viii-xiii and xxii, 1908–1913 and 1922. The Lê code dates in its final form from 1787.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Phan Huy Chú, Lịch-triêu hien-chwong loại-chi, translated into quõc-ngũ by Sir Học (4 vols., Hànọi, 19601). For R. Deloustal's translation into French of books xxix-xxxir, Telating to finance, see Revue Indochinoise, NS, XLII-XLIII, 19245. Books XIII-XIX and xxxiii - XXXVIII, relating to the official hierarchy and to justice (respectively) have also been traṄslated into quõc-ngũ by the Faculty of Law of the University of Sàigòn.

⁴⁸ Cadière and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 653.Google Scholar

⁴⁹ These works and others of a similar nature survive at and on EFEO microfilm (EFEO library, A. 870, A. 2965, etc.).

⁵⁰ e.g. Dtro-ng Quang Ham, Viêt-Nam van-học sù-yeu, , 1941 (ninth edition, Saigon,1962); Van-Tân and Hông Phong, Lịch-sie van-học Viêt-Nam , 1961; Le Tri Vien, et al., Giáo-trình lịch-sù van-học Viê-Nam, Hanôi, 1962, especially vols. ii-iii; Phạm The Ngũ, van-học sù, Sáigón, 19635, especially vol. n. Amongst French works, note G. Cordier, Étude sur la littérature annamite, 2 vols., , 19334; and Dtrong Ðinh Khuê, Les chefs-d'oeuvre de la littérature vietnamienne, Sáigón, 1966.

⁵¹ , 1962.

⁵² e.g. by Abel Dcs Michels (Paris, 1884–5) by 1942) and by Xuân Phục and Xuân (Paris, 1961, in t h e UNESCO series ‘Connaissance de l 'Orient’).

⁵³ For a full bibliography of critical writing on , Thu-mục Du, Sàigòn, 1965. An interesting contribution to this criticism in English is the symposium ‘’, Vietnamese Studies (), iv, 1965.

⁵⁴ , Lục Ván Tiên: poème annamite (translated by Nghiêm , with preface by Ung Hoe, , 1927).

⁵⁵ cf. t h e reviews of recent editions of these works published in , b y M. Ta, Trọng in BEFEO, LIT, 1, 1964, 278–90. For a general study of Vietnamese verse novels, see Hoàch, Le roman vietnamien aux xrme et xixe siècles (thesis, Paris, 1955).

⁵⁶ Both belong to the reign of , and one is attributed to that monarch himself Cadière and Pelliot, art. cit., BEFEO, iv, 3, 1904, 621.

⁵⁷ Original imperial printings of this work, and of a good many other compositions, are to be found at Ðàlạt. A small number of imperial poems, by , have been translated into French: see Bulletin des Amis du Vieux , 1916,10515,1958, and 2237.

⁵⁸ Trịnh Hoài Ðúc, (Monograph Series, no. 1) South East Asia Studies Section, New Asia Research Institute, Hong Kong, 1962.

⁵⁹ A list is given by M. Durand in the article referred to on p.60.7) n. 26, above.

⁶⁰ Thọ Tuòang (1825–1877), Sàigòn, 1957; Nhât Tam, Phan Van Trị (1830–1910), Sàigòn, 1956. Both of these include renderings of t h e more important poems of these authors.

⁶¹ thi-van, Sàigòn, 1957.

⁶² Nghīa, Bùi Quang, ‘L'union merveilleuse de Kim et de Thach’, Bulletin de la Societe des Études Indochinoises, XS, ix, 1934. With introduction by P. Midan. The author is sometimes known as Bùi Nghīa and sometimes as Bùi Quang Nghĩa.Google Scholar

⁶³ P. Boudet, ‘Les archives des empereurs d'Annam et l'histoire annamite’, Bulletin des Amis du Vieux ; 1943, No. 3; also printed as Cahiers de la Société de Hanoi, xxxix, 1942. It includes 19 photographic plates.

⁶⁴ A. Laborde, ‘Les Livres d'Or et les Livres d'Argent de la Cour d'Annam’, Bulletin des Amis du Vieux , iv, 1917.

⁶⁵ Daudin, Pierre, Sigillographie sino-annamite, Sàigòn, 1937.Google Scholar

⁶⁶ Chen Ching-ho, article cited in p. 601, n. 3, above.

⁶⁷ , 1960, pp. xxxvii-lii.

⁶⁸ ‘La Cochinchine dans le passe’, Bulletin de la Société des Études Indochinoises, NS, xvii, 3, 1942.Google Scholar

⁶⁹ P. Daudin and Lê Van Piúk, ‘Phan Thanh (17961867) et sa famine d'après quelques documents annamites’, Bull. de la Société des Études Indochinoises, NS, xvi, 2, 1941.

⁷⁰ Midan, P. and Verdaille, M., ‘Édits de Minh-Mang concernant les Chinois de Cochinchine’, Bull. de la Societe des Études Indochinoises, NS, viii, 1933.Google Scholar

⁷¹ The following observations are based on a brief examination of the surviving dịa- at Ðàlat in 1966; I am greatly indebted to Mr. John Whitmore of Cornell. University for his assistance in sampling the bundles.

⁷² e.g. EFEO, AGA 9, a series of dịa- from the province of Nam-Ðịnh.

⁷³ Ory, P., La commune annamite au Tonkin, Paris, 1894.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ For example, in early October 1930, there were attacks on the communal houses (dinh) of the villages of Long-So.n (Cholon province) and of Châu-Thoi and Châu-Binh (Ben-Tre province). See La, Dgpêche d'Indochine, 4 October 1930. Many instances are to be found in contemporary press reports.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Cahiers d'EFEO, 32, 1942, 3–4; 33, 1942, 8; 38, 1944, 5.

⁷⁶ A. Bonifacy, ‘Les génies du temple de ’ BEFEO, x, 4, 1910, 68394.

⁷⁷ Cahiers d'EFEO, 32, 1942, 6.

⁷⁸ Maspero, H., BEFEO, xi, 1, 1911, 17.Google Scholar

⁷⁹ Gourou, P., Les paysans du Delta Tonkinois, Paris, 1936, 115, citing-Ngô Vi Liên, Ðịa-, 1933.Google Scholar

⁸⁰ ‘La Cochinchine dans le passé’, Bull. de la Societe des Études Inclochinoises, NS, xvii, 3, 1942, 32–3.Google Scholar

⁸¹ There is a brief discussion of the gia- in P. Gourou, op. cit., 116: he notes the existence of a fuller discussion by Van Vĩnh, in Annans Nouveau, 26 April 1931, and Ibid.., 22 April 1935.

⁸² Chen Ching-ho, A brief study of the family register of the Trân (Monograph Series no. 4), South East Asia Studies Section, New Asia Research Institute, Hong Kong, 1964. In Chinese, with English summary.

⁸³ P. Daudin and Lê Vân Phúk, ‘Phan Thanh et sa famille’, Bull. de la Société des Études Indochinoises, NS, xvi, 2, 1941.

⁸⁴ e.g. G. Rivière, ‘Une lignée de loyaux serviteurs: les Khoa’ BAVH, 1915, 287–304; L. Sogny, ‘Les families illustres de l'Annam: S. E. ’ BAVH, 1924, no. 2 Ðào Duy Anh, ‘Les grandes families de l'Annam: S. E. Tiên Thanh’, BAVH, 1944.

⁸⁵ Cahiers d'EFEO, 30, 1942, 4; 38, 1944, 6; 40, 1944, 5, 9. Cf. BEFEO, xxi, 1, 1921, 248 ff. for a summary of the inscription rubbings in the library at at that time.

⁸⁶ C. Patris and L. Cadiére, ‘Le tombeau de Gia-Long’, Bull. des Antis du Vieux , 1923, 291379; E. Delammarre, ‘La stéle du tombeau de Minh-Mang’, BAVH, 1920, 24152; and ‘La stele du tombeau de ’ BAVH, 1918, 2541.

⁸⁷ Breton, H. Le, ‘Le vieux An-Tīnh’ BAVH,xxii, 2–4, 1936, 356–7; this study gives a, general indication of what was possible in the way of detailed local history writing in the French period.Google Scholar

⁸⁸ Bá, Trác, Hoàng-, Sàigòn, 1963; Bùi Quang Tùng, ‘Tables synoptiques ḍe chronologie vietnamienne’ BEFEO, LI, 1, 1963, 589.